舵令是船舶驾驶台上，由船长、引航员或值班驾驶员向舵手发出的、用于精确控制船舶航向的标准化指令。

舵令的特点

1.标准化与强制性：标准舵令由国际海事组织统一规定，是全球航海者必须掌握的“工作语言”；

2.简洁与无歧义：每条舵令都对应唯一、明确的操作，避免误解；

3.严谨的流程：遵循“发令→复诵→执行→报告”的闭环流程，确保每一步都得到确认。

换言之，舵令是连接驾驶员意图与船舶实际运动的关键指令纽带，是保障船舶航行安全、高效和有序的基础。

常见舵令

下表对常见舵令进行了总结和介绍，并针对表中列出的15条舵令，制作了相应的英文发音音频。

注  意  事  项

1. 转舵角度≠转向角度

    (1) “Port 5”意为将舵叶向左偏离船舶首尾线5°，从而使得舵角指示器（Rudder Angle Indicator）显示为左舵5°；

    (2) “Alter Course to 005”意为调整航向到005方向上，其施用的舵角大小取决于当前航向与005航向的差距以及当前水域的交通情况等。

2. 航向应使用三位数字表示，如当前航向为27，则应报告027；

3. 航向应逐位地报告，如当前航向为263，舵工在回答“What’s the course？”时，应回复“Two-Six-Three”，而非“Two hundred and sixty three”；

4. 舵工在收到(Receive)舵令后，应重复(Repeat)舵令，并执行(Execute)命令。当完成相应操作后，应向指挥人员报告(Report)；

5. “Ease to 10”意为将舵角回到10°并保持，若在下达此舵令前，船舶正处于左舵，则应将舵角调整至左舵10°，若处于右舵，则应调至右舵10°；

6. “Keep buoy on port side”意为将浮标置于左舷通过，即应当从该浮标的右侧通过；

7. 最大舵角取决于舵的类型

8. 下达“Finish with wheel”之后，舵工应当确保船舶处于正舵状态（midships）后再离开

英文释义

以下内容为英文解释的各项舵令含义，其内涵于上表一致，仅供学有余力者参考。

• Midships

Meaning: Bring the rudder back to the neutral (fore-and-aft) position.

Execution: Turn the steering wheel until the rudder angle indicator reads zero.

• Port Five / Starboard Five

Meaning: Turn the rudder 5° to port or starboard, depending on the order.

Execution: Adjust(调整) the wheel to achieve a 5° rudder angle, then hold.

• Port Ten / Starboard Ten

Meaning: Apply 10° rudder angle to port or starboard.

Execution: Monitor(监视) the rudder angle indicator to hit the correct position.

• Hard-a-Port / Hard-a-Starboard

Meaning: Apply the maximum rudder angle to the given side. This angle varies depending on the ship’s rudder type — e.g., standard(标准舵), flap(襟翼舵), or Becker rudder(贝克舵).

• Nothing to Port / Nothing to Starboard

Meaning: Prevent(防止) the ship’s head from drifting(漂流) in the specified(指定的) direction (port or starboard).

Execution: Monitor the compass(罗经) and apply counter-rudder(反舵) as needed.

• Meet Her

Meaning: Stop or slow down the ship’s swing(摆动) in a turn. This prevents oversteering(过度转向).

Execution: Observe(观察) the vessel’s rate of turn and apply a counter rudder to stop the swing. No specific course needs to be steered. Just stop the movement.

• Steady

Meaning: Similar to “meet her”, but more commonly used.

Execution: Immediately reduce the vessel’s rate of turn until it stops. This command is often given when the ship is swinging too quickly.

• Steady As She Goes

Meaning: Maintain(保持) the ship’s heading at the moment the command is given.

Execution: Look at the compass the moment the command is issued, and steer exactly on that heading.

• Ease to Five / Ten / Fifteen / Twenty

Meaning: Reduce the rudder angle to the specified value without switching(改变) sides.

Execution: Adjust the wheel to the new angle and hold.

• Keep the Buoy / Beacon / Mark / Lighthouse on Port / Starboard / Ahead

Meaning: Use a visual navigation aid to maintain a specific relative bearing(相对方位).

Execution: Adjust the helm(舵轮) to keep the referenced object where instructed.

• What’s Your Course / Heading / Rudder?

Meaning: The conning officer(航海指挥官) is asking for the vessel’s current heading or rudder angle.

Execution: Quickly check the compass or rudder angle indicator and respond clearly.

• Mind Your Helm / Rudder

Meaning: A warning to focus on your steering duty. You might be distracted(分心的) or steering inaccurately(不准确地).

Execution: Immediately correct course and pay full attention to the wheel.

• Finish With Wheel

Meaning: Manual steering is no longer required, usually after docking or mooring operation.

Execution: Ensure rudder is at midships before letting go.