本文汇总基于《国际海上避碰规则》（COLREGs）核心要求，覆盖瞭望判断、会遇局面沟通、航向航速调整、紧急避碰指令四大场景，适用于 VHF 通讯及驾驶台现场指挥。
一、 瞭望与碰撞危险判断...
船舶避碰英语汇总
本汇总基于《国际海上避碰规则》（COLREGs）核心要求，覆盖瞭望判断、会遇局面沟通、航向航速调整、紧急避碰指令四大场景，适用于 VHF 通讯及驾驶台现场指挥。
一、 瞭望与碰撞危险判断
英文表达 | 中文释义 |
Keep a proper lookout at all times by sight and hearing. | 时刻用视觉、听觉保持正规瞭望。 |
Use all available means to detect other vessels. | 运用一切可用手段探测他船动态。 |
Risk of collision exists with the vessel ahead. | 与前方船舶存在碰撞危险。 |
A close-quarters situation is developing rapidly. | 紧迫局面正在迅速形成。 |
Immediate danger of collision! Take urgent action! | 存在紧迫碰撞危险！立即采取行动！ |
The CPA (Closest Point of Approach) is less than 0.5 nautical miles. | 最近会遇距离小于 0.5 海里。 |
The TCPA (Time to Closest Point of Approach) is less than 10 minutes. | 到达最近会遇点时间小于 10 分钟。 |
二、 通用避碰行动指令
英文表达 | 中文释义 |
Alter course to starboard by 30 degrees. | 向右改向 30 度。 |
Alter course to port to increase CPA. | 向左改向以增大最近会遇距离。 |
Reduce speed to minimum safe speed. | 减速至最低安全航速。 |
Stop engine and drift. | 停车漂泊。 |
Reverse engines to full astern. | 主机全速倒车。 |
Make a substantial alteration of course. | 进行大幅度改向。 |
Avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel. | 避免从他船船首横越。 |
Do not alter course without prior communication. | 未经沟通禁止擅自改向。 |
三、 不同会遇局面专用避碰用语
1. 对遇局面（Head-on Situation）
英文表达 | 中文释义 |
This is M/V [船名]. You are on a head-on collision course with me. | 这里是 [船名] 轮，你船与我船处于对遇局面。 |
Both vessels shall alter course to starboard. | 两船均应向右改向。 |
I am altering course to starboard by 40 degrees. Over. | 我船正向右改向 40 度，完毕。 |
Advise you alter course to starboard immediately to avoid collision. | 建议你船立即向右改向以避免碰撞。 |
2. 追越局面（Overtaking Situation）
英文表达 | 中文释义 |
I am overtaking you on your starboard side. | 我船将从你船右舷追越。 |
Overtaking vessel must keep clear of the overtaken vessel. | 追越船必须给被追越船让路。 |
Request permission to overtake you on port side. Over. | 请求允许从你船左舷追越，完毕。 |
You are the overtaken vessel; maintain your course and speed. | 你船为被追越船，保持航向航速。 |
I have completed overtaking and am returning to my original course. | 我船已完成追越，正在驶回原航向。 |
3. 交叉相遇局面（Crossing Situation）
英文表达 | 中文释义 |
I am the give-way vessel; I will alter course to starboard. | 我船为让路船，即将向右改向。 |
You are the stand-on vessel; you may maintain course and speed. | 你船为直航船，可保持航向航速。 |
Stand-on vessel: I am taking avoiding action as you are not responding. | 直航船：因你船未采取行动，我船正在采取避碰措施。 |
Give-way vessel must take early and substantial action to keep clear. | 让路船必须尽早采取大幅度行动避让。 |
Do not cross ahead of me; alter course to port. | 禁止从我船船首横越，请向左改向。 |
四、 与特殊船舶的避碰沟通
英文表达 | 中文释义 |
Fishing vessel ahead: Please indicate your fishing area; I will keep clear. | 前方渔船：请明示你的捕鱼区域，我船将进行避让。 |
Sailing vessel: Advise your course and speed; I will alter to avoid you. | 帆船：请告知你的航向航速，我船将改向避让。 |
Vessel not under command: I am passing you on your starboard side at safe distance. | 失控船：我船将从你船右舷安全距离驶过。 |
Vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver: Request you adjust your course to avoid my operation area. | 操纵能力受限船：请求你船调整航向，避开我的作业区域。 |
Vessel constrained by her draft: I require deep water channel; please keep clear. | 限于吃水船：我船需要深水航道，请予以避让。 |
五、 VHF 避碰协调高频用语
英文表达 | 中文释义 |
This is M/V [船名], call sign [呼号], position [纬度 / 经度], course [度数], speed [节]. Calling the vessel in sight ahead. Over. | 这里是 [船名] 轮，呼号 [呼号]，船位 [纬度 / 经度]，航向 [度数]，航速 [节]。呼叫前方目视船舶，完毕。 |
What is your intended action to avoid collision? Over. | 你船拟采取何种避碰行动？完毕。 |
Confirm you have received my message and will alter course to starboard. Over. | 请确认已收到我船信息，并将向右改向，完毕。 |
Negative, your proposed action will not eliminate collision risk. Advise you reduce speed first. Over. | 不同意，你船拟采取的行动无法消除碰撞危险。建议你船先减速，完毕。 |
We have passed each other safely. Thank you for your cooperation. Out. | 我船已与你船安全驶过。感谢配合，通话结束。 |
六、 紧急避碰指令（驾驶台内部）
英文表达 | 中文释义 |
Hard a starboard! Full astern! | 右满舵！全速倒车！ |
Alter course to port immediately! Maximum rudder! | 立即向左改向！满舵！ |
Sound the danger signal (5 short blasts). | 鸣放危险信号（五短声）。 |
All engines full ahead! Steer clear of the vessel on our port side! | 主机全速前进！避让左舷船舶！ |
Standby for emergency maneuver! | 准备紧急操纵！ |
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发表于 2026-01-20 10:02
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