风电项目中，焊接检验师（Welding Inspector）的核心职责是确保风机塔筒、叶片、法兰等关键结构的焊接质量符合国际标准（如 AWS、ISO）和项目规范，直接关系到设备安全运行和使用寿命。以下是面试高频问题及专业回答模板，涵盖职责、技术知识、安全意识等核心维度。

 

1. What are the key welded components in a wind turbine structure?（风机结构中的关键焊接部件有哪些？）

回答需明确核心部件及焊接质量的重要性，体现对风电设备结构的理解：

 

The key welded components in a wind turbine include:

 

Tower sections

（塔筒分段）: Welds between cylindrical sections must withstand extreme wind loads and prevent structural fatigue.

Flanges

（法兰）: Connections between tower sections and between the tower and nacelle rely on flange welds for rigidity and load distribution.

Blade roots

（叶片根部）: Welds attaching blades to the hub must endure rotational stress and vibration.

Nacelle frame

（机舱框架）: Structural welds in the nacelle house critical components like the generator and gearbox, requiring high precision to avoid misalignment.

2. What welding standards and codes are commonly used in wind energy projects?（风电项目中常用的焊接标准和规范有哪些？）

展示对行业标准的熟悉度，这是焊接检验的基础：

 

Wind energy projects typically adhere to international standards such as:

 

AWS D1.1

（Structural Welding Code - Steel）: For tower and frame structural welds.

ISO 15614-1

Specification for qualifying welding procedures for metallic materials.

EN 1090

European standard for execution of steel structures, including welding quality levels (QL1-QL4).

API 1104

 (for offshore wind projects): For pipeline and structural welds in marine environments, focusing on corrosion resistance.

3. What are the main responsibilities of a welding inspector in a wind project?（风电项目中焊接检验师的主要职责是什么？）

突出 “全过程检验” 和 “质量把控”，体现职责的全面性：

 

A welding inspector’s core responsibilities include:

 

Reviewing and approving Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS) and Procedure Qualification Records (PQR) to ensure compliance with project standards.

Inspecting pre-weld preparation: Checking material cleanliness, joint fit-up, and preheating temperatures.

Monitoring in-process welding: Verifying parameters like current, voltage, and travel speed match WPS requirements.

Conducting post-weld inspections: Using NDT methods (UT, MT, PT, VT) to detect defects (cracks, porosity, incomplete fusion).

Documenting non-conformities and collaborating with welders/engineers to develop rework procedures.

Ensuring compliance with safety protocols, such as proper ventilation in confined spaces (e.g., tower sections).

 

4. What non-destructive testing (NDT) methods do you use for inspecting wind turbine welds, and when would you choose each?（你使用哪些无损检测方法检验风机焊缝？何时选择特定方法？）

体现技术专业性，说明不同方法的适用场景：

 

Common NDT methods in wind projects include:

 

Visual Testing (VT)

For initial checks of weld appearance, bead shape, and surface defects (e.g., spatter, undercut).

Ultrasonic Testing (UT)

:Preferred for detecting internal defects (e.g., lack of penetration) in thick tower sections (over 20mm).

Magnetic Particle Testing (MT)

Used on ferromagnetic materials (e.g., carbon steel flanges) to identify surface cracks.

Liquid Penetrant Testing (PT)

Suitable for non-magnetic materials (e.g., some high-strength alloys) to detect surface pores or cracks.

For critical components like tower base flanges, a combination of UT (internal) and MT (surface) is typically required.

 

5. How do you identify and address common welding defects in wind turbine components?（如何识别和处理风机部件中的常见焊接缺陷？）

结合风电设备的受力特点，分析缺陷影响及处理方式：

 

Common defects and responses:

 

Porosity

 (gas bubbles): Caused by contaminated materials or improper shielding gas. Address by reworking the area after cleaning and verifying gas flow rates.

Incomplete fusion

: Critical in tower welds, as it weakens load-bearing capacity. Requires removal of the defective section and re-welding per WPS.

Cracks

: Often due to rapid cooling or high residual stress. Must be fully removed (via grinding or machining) and re-inspected post-repair, as cracks can propagate under wind loads.

Undercut

: Reduces material thickness at weld edges. For tower sections, undercut depth exceeding 1mm requires repair to prevent fatigue failure.

6. What safety protocols must be followed during welding inspections in wind projects?（风电项目焊接检验中必须遵守的安全规程有哪些？）

强调风电场景的特殊安全风险（高空、 confined spaces 等）：

 

Safety protocols include:

 

Fall protection

: Using harnesses and guardrails when inspecting tower welds at heights (often 80-100m).

Confined space entry

: Testing air quality (oxygen levels, toxic fumes) before inspecting internal tower welds; having a standby crew outside.

Electrical safety

: Ensuring welding equipment is grounded to prevent electric shock, especially in wet weather (common in offshore wind).

PPE compliance

: Wearing flame-resistant clothing, gloves, and eye protection when near active welding operations.

 

7. How do you ensure welders are qualified to work on critical wind turbine components?（如何确保焊工具备风机关键部件的焊接资质？）

体现对人员资质管理的重视：

 

I verify that welders hold valid Welder Qualification Test Records (WQTR) specific to the project’s materials (e.g., high-strength low-alloy steel) and welding processes (e.g., submerged arc welding for tower sections). I also review their experience with wind turbine components, as these require stricter precision than general structural welds. For new welders, I witness their qualification tests to ensure compliance with AWS/ISO standards.

 

8. What experience do you have with offshore vs. onshore wind welding inspections?（你在海上和陆上风电焊接检验中有哪些经验？）

区分两者的核心差异，展示适应能力：

 

Offshore wind inspections focus more on corrosion resistance due to saltwater exposure—this means stricter checks for weld profile (to avoid crevices where moisture traps) and post-weld treatments (e.g., galvanizing). Onshore projects prioritize fatigue resistance against wind-induced vibration, requiring tighter control over weld toe geometry. I’ve worked on both, including offshore tower flange welds inspected via UT and onshore blade root welds checked with PT.

 

9. How do you handle disagreements with welders or engineers about a weld’s acceptability?（当与焊工或工程师就焊缝合格性产生分歧时，你会如何处理？）

体现沟通能力和以标准为依据的原则：

 

I reference the project’s acceptance criteria (e.g., EN 1090 QL levels) to resolve disagreements. For example, if a welder argues a small crack is “acceptable,” I’ll show the standard specifying “no cracks allowed in critical zones.” If uncertainty remains, I’ll propose additional NDT (e.g., a second UT scan by a third party) to confirm. The goal is to prioritize safety and compliance, not personal opinions.

 

10. What motivates you to work as a welding inspector in wind energy?（是什么促使你在风电行业担任焊接检验师？）

结合行业前景和个人价值定位：

 

Wind energy’s growth as a clean power source drives me—it’s rewarding to know my inspections directly contribute to safe, reliable turbines that reduce carbon emissions. Unlike oil and gas, wind projects focus on long-term sustainability, and ensuring welds last 20+ years aligns with my commitment to quality and environmental responsibility.