进坞前的准备工作
Pre-Docking Preparations
日程安排与规划：船东或船舶管理人根据船舶的维护计划安排进坞检修时间。
Scheduling & Planning: The shipowner or manager schedules dry docking based on the vessel's maintenance plan.
检查与检验：海事检验师和船级社检验员评估船舶的状况，并列出需要修理的项目清单。
Inspection & Survey: Marine surveyors and classification society inspectors assess the ship's condition and list required repairs.
文件处理与审批：船舶在进坞前必须获得监管机构的批准。
Paperwork & Approvals: The vessel must get approval from regulatory bodies before docking.
进坞过程
Dry Docking Process
系泊与进坞：将船舶安全地停靠在船坞内并固定好。
Mooring & Docking: The vessel is safely positioned in the dock and secured.
排水：在干船坞中，将水排出以使船体露出水面。浮船坞则可能会将船舶从水中吊起。
Pumping Out Water: In a dry dock, water is drained to expose the hull. Floating docks may lift the ship out of the water.
初步检查：工程师、检验师和维护人员检查船体、螺旋桨、舵以及其他部件。
Initial Inspections: Engineers, surveyors, and maintenance crews inspect the hull, propellers, rudder, and other components.
维护与修理工作
Maintenance & Repair Work
A. 船体维护
A. Hull Maintenance
清洁与水力喷砂：对船体进行清洁，去除附着的海洋生物、铁锈和旧漆。
Cleaning & Hydro-Blasting: The hull is cleaned to remove marine growth, rust, and old paint.
厚度测量：通过超声波检测来检查船体是否有腐蚀情况。
Thickness Measurement: Ultrasonic testing is done to check for corrosion.
结构修理：如有需要，更换钢板并对裂缝进行焊接。
Structural Repairs: If needed, steel plates are replaced, and cracks are welded.
防污处理与涂漆：在船体上涂上防污漆，以防止海洋生物附着。
Antifouling & Painting: The hull is coated with antifouling paint to prevent marine growth.
B. 机械检修
B. Machinery Overhaul
螺旋桨与舵的维护：对螺旋桨进行抛光处理，检查是否有裂缝，并进行动平衡检测。对舵的轴承和舵销进行检查。
Propeller & Rudder Maintenance: Propellers are polished, checked for cracks, and balanced. Rudder bearings and pintles are inspected.
主发动机与辅助系统：对发动机、泵、锅炉和发电机进行检查和维护保养。
Main Engine & Auxiliary Systems: Inspections and servicing of engines, pumps, boilers, and generators.
操舵装置与轴系对中：进行对中检查，以确保操舵操作顺畅。
Steering Gear & Shaft Alignment: Alignment checks ensure smooth steering operations.
C. 电气与管道系统
C. Electrical & Piping Systems
线路与设备检查：对航行灯、通信系统和警报装置进行测试和修理。
Wiring & Equipment Check: Navigational lights, communication systems, and alarms are tested and repaired.
管道与阀门检查：检查燃油、压载水和冷却水管道是否有泄漏和腐蚀情况。
Piping & Valves Inspection: Fuel, ballast, and cooling water pipelines are checked for leaks and corrosion.
消防与安全设备：对灭火器、救生艇、救生筏和应急系统进行维护保养。
Firefighting & Safety Equipment: Fire extinguishers, lifeboats, life rafts, and emergency systems are serviced.
最终检查与出坞
Final Inspections & Re-floating
检验师验收：进行最终检验，以确保所有修理工作符合安全和法规标准。
Surveyor Approval: A final survey ensures all repairs meet safety and regulatory standards.
船坞注水与出坞：向船坞内注水，然后小心地使船舶浮起。
Dock Flooding & Re-floating: The dock is flooded, and the vessel is carefully floated.
试航：在船舶恢复运营前，进行试航以检查其性能。
Sea Trials: The ship undergoes a test run to check performance before returning to service.
进坞后文件处理
Post-Docking Documentation
最终报告：向船东和船级社提交一份详细的维护报告。
Final Reports: A detailed maintenance report is submitted to the shipowner and classification society.
法规认证：如有必要，更新合规证书。
Regulatory Certifications: Certificates of compliance are updated if necessary.
