Fire dampers in ventilation ducts are missing or fail to close tightly, unable to prevent flame spread in case of fire.
通风管道防火阀缺失或关闭不严，火灾时无法阻断火焰蔓延。

Handrails on staircases have gaps >120mm or lack intermediate rails, posing safety risks for passengers.
楼梯扶手间隙 > 120 毫米或未设中间栏杆，对乘客构成安全隐患。

Emergency lighting in escape routes has <90-minute backup power or illumination <1lux, violating SOLAS requirements.
逃生通道应急照明备用电源时长 < 90 分钟或照度 < 1 勒克斯，不符合 SOLAS 规范。

Cabin door locks fail to engage automatically when closed or lack emergency release mechanisms from inside.
舱室门锁关闭后无法自动锁紧或内部无应急释放装置。

Insulation joints in refrigerated cargo holds are damaged, causing condensation and energy loss.
冷藏货舱绝缘接缝破损，导致结露及能量损耗。

Watertight doors lack proper gaskets or hydraulic systems malfunction, failing to achieve water tightness under test.
水密门密封垫老化或液压系统故障，测试时无法达到水密要求。

Ventilation grilles in engine rooms are clogged with debris, reducing airflow by >30% and affecting heat dissipation.
机舱通风格栅被杂物堵塞，通风量减少 > 30%，影响散热效果。

Corridor bulkhead penetrations for cables/pipes lack fire-resistant sealants, creating fire spread paths.
走廊舱壁电缆 / 管道穿舱处未用防火密封胶封堵，形成火灾蔓延通道。

Shower drains in sanitary units have insufficient slope (<2%) or lack hair strainers, leading to clogging.
卫生单元淋浴排水坡度 < 2% 或未装毛发过滤器，易造成堵塞。

Steel structures in ballast tanks show corrosion >10% of original thickness without timely repair.
压载舱钢结构腐蚀量超过原始厚度 10% 且未及时修复。

Emergency stop buttons in machinery spaces are not prominently marked or fail to function within 1 second.
机械舱室紧急停止按钮标识不明显或响应时间 > 1 秒。

Galley exhaust hoods lack automatic fire suppression systems or filters are not cleaned monthly.
厨房排烟罩未配备自动灭火系统或过滤器未每月清洁。

Window glass in navigation areas is not tempered safety glass or has visible scratches affecting visibility.
航行区域舷窗玻璃非钢化安全玻璃或存在可见划痕影响视野。

Cable trays in electrical compartments are not properly grounded or have sharp edges damaging insulation.
电气舱室电缆桥架未有效接地或边缘锋利损伤绝缘层。

Fresh water pipes in accommodation areas use non-potable grade materials or have excessive rust inside.
居住区域淡水管道采用非饮用水级材质或内部锈蚀严重。

Liferaft stowage compartments lack drainage holes or securing devices are loose, risking raft displacement.
救生筏存放舱无排水孔或固定装置松动，存在筏体移位风险。

Deck drains in weather decks are blocked by debris or have insufficient capacity (<100mm diameter).
露天甲板排水孔被杂物堵塞或直径 < 100 毫米，排水能力不足。

Insulation materials in cold rooms contain CFCs or fail to meet thermal resistance standards (R-value <2.5 m²・K/W).
冷藏间绝缘材料含氟利昂或热阻不达标（R 值 < 2.5 m²・K/W）。

Emergency escape ladders in enclosed spaces are missing or rungs are spaced >300mm apart.
封闭空间应急逃生梯缺失或梯级间距 > 300 毫米。

Fuel tank vent pipes lack flame arresters or have incorrect termination heights (<2m above deck).
燃油舱透气管未装阻火器或终端高度 < 甲板以上 2 米。

Lighting fixtures in hazardous areas are not explosion-proof or have damaged gaskets, violating ATEX directives.
危险区域照明灯具非防爆型或密封垫损坏，不符合 ATEX 指令。

Toilet flush mechanisms in public restrooms are manual instead of sensor-operated, increasing cross-contamination risks.
公共卫生间马桶为手动冲水而非感应式，增加交叉污染风险。

Steel gratings in engine room walkways have open areas >40% or lack anti-slip treatment.
机舱走道钢格栅开孔面积 > 40% 或未做防滑处理。

Refrigerant leakage detectors in cold stores are not calibrated quarterly or alarm thresholds are set incorrectly.
冷库制冷剂泄漏探测器未每季度校准或报警阈值设置错误。

Anchor chain locker drainage pumps fail to start automatically when water level exceeds 100mm.
锚链舱排水泵在水位超过 100 毫米时无法自动启动。

Corridor emergency exits are blocked by storage items or signage is obscured by decorations.
走廊紧急出口被储物遮挡或标识被装饰物覆盖。

Heat-resistant paint in boiler rooms has a dry film thickness <150μm or is peeling in>5% of areas.
锅炉舱耐高温漆干膜厚度 < 150μm 或剥落面积 > 5%。

Drinking water outlets in galleys lack backflow preventers or are installed below flood level.
厨房饮用水龙头未装防回流装置或安装高度低于溢流水位。

Ventilation fans in battery rooms are not explosion-proof or airflow direction is incorrect (intake instead of exhaust).
电池舱通风扇非防爆型或气流方向错误（应为排风却设为进风）。

Cargo hold ladder rungs are not serrated for anti-slip or have missing safety cages for heights >2m.
货舱梯子梯级未做锯齿防滑处理或高度 > 2 米时缺失安全护笼。

Fire extinguishers in machinery spaces are not ABC-type or have pressure below the minimum threshold.
机械舱室灭火器非 ABC 型或压力低于最低限值。

Accommodation ladder steps have gaps >25mm or handrails are not continuous along the entire length.
舷梯踏板间隙 > 25 毫米或扶手未沿全长连续设置。

Refrigerated display cases in galleys have door gaskets that don't seal properly, leading to temperature fluctuations.
厨房冷藏展示柜柜门密封垫密封不良，导致温度波动。

Electrical panels in wet areas (e.g., laundries) lack waterproof covers or have exposed terminals.
潮湿区域（如洗衣房）电气面板无防水盖或接线端子裸露。

Sound insulation in crew cabins is inadequate, with noise levels exceeding 55dB when adjacent cabins are occupied.
船员舱室隔音不足，相邻舱室有人时噪音 > 55 分贝。

Bilge suction strainers in engine rooms are clogged with debris or have mesh size >3mm.
机舱舱底水吸口滤网被杂物堵塞或网孔尺寸 > 3mm。

Window opening mechanisms in passenger cabins are stuck or cannot be locked in the fully open position.
乘客舱室舷窗开启机构卡滞或无法在全开位置锁定。

Fire hoses in hydrant stations are not compatible with couplings or have visible cracks in the lining.
消防栓站内消防水带与接口不匹配或内衬有可见裂纹。

Thermal insulation on steam pipes in engine rooms has gaps >50mm or outer cladding is damaged.
机舱蒸汽管道保温层间隙 > 50 毫米或外护层破损。

Toilet waste pipes in sanitary units use horizontal runs >1.5m without proper venting, causing blockages.
卫生单元马桶排污管水平段 > 1.5 米且未适当通风，易造成堵塞。

Safety signs in machinery spaces use non-fluorescent materials or are not visible from 5m away.
机械舱室安全标识采用非荧光材料或在 5 米外无法看清。

Galley worktops are made of porous materials (e.g., wood) instead of non-porous, easy-to-clean surfaces.
厨房工作台面采用多孔材料（如木材），而非无孔易清洁材质。

Ventilation dampers in cargo holds are not operable from the control room or position indicators are inaccurate.
货舱通风挡板无法在控制室操作或位置指示器不准确。

Emergency escape breathing devices (EEBDs) have expired cartridges or are not stored in accessible locations.
紧急逃生呼吸器（EEBD）药筒过期或未存放在易获取位置。

Steel doors in fire-resistant bulkheads have self-closing mechanisms that fail to operate within 10 seconds.
防火舱壁钢门自闭装置无法在 10 秒内完成关闭。

Water mist systems in machinery spaces have blocked nozzles or pressure below the required 8bar.
机械舱室细水雾系统喷嘴堵塞或压力 < 8 巴。

Mirror glass in sanitary units is not shatterproof or lacks anti-fog coating, affecting visibility.
卫生单元镜面玻璃非防碎型或无防雾涂层，影响使用视野。

Cable insulation in switchboards shows signs of overheating (discoloration) or has insulation resistance <1MΩ.
配电板内电缆绝缘层有过热迹象（变色）或绝缘电阻 < 1 兆欧。

Fresh water tanks are not cleaned annually or lack proper vent filters, leading to contamination.
淡水舱未每年清洁或透气口无过滤装置，存在污染风险。

Gangway safety chains are missing or have a breaking strength <5kN, failing to prevent falls.
舷梯安全链缺失或断裂强度 < 5 千牛，无法防止坠落事故。