水手长是甲板上仅次于驾驶员的“小干部”（Petty Officer），船东往往对水手长的要求较高，不但希望水手长有丰富的工作经验，还要求水手长的英文水平要高于其他普通水手。此外，水手长还应具备较好的沟通能力，即和别的船员的沟通能力。还要求水手长有一定的领导和组织能力，因为水手长要组织并领导甲板上的其他水手完成大副、船长和其他干部船员布置的任务。实践表明，仅 会干活而不会领导他人的水手长并不是一个非常合格的水手长。下 面的一些问题供参考。此外，水手长也应该看看一水的一些问题。

1. Tell us your experience as a Boatswain.

I have worked as a bosun for eight years, five times on five ships. I have worked on general cargo ship, bulk carrier, and roro vessel. I can do all kind of work.

船东希望水手长具有很丰富的工作经验和管理经验，因 为水手长要在具体的工作中带领其他水手干活，没有一定的经验和管理水平是很难胜任这个工作的。但是，水手长还应该有很好的服从意识，因为水手长毕竟是在干部船员的领导下工作。

2. What were your duties on board the last vessel?

你作为水手长，在上一条船上的主要职责是什么？

I worked under the leadership of the Chief Officer and assisted him in performing various duties of the Deck Department. I had the following duties:

(1) to make rounds all over the decks to see everything is in order;

(2) to arrange the work for the ratings in the deck department;

(3) to carry out the maintenance of hull, deck machinery, equipment, cargo gears and

other under the leadership and with approval of the Chief Officer;

(4) to handle the administration of the vessels deck inventory and running stores for his consideration and final approval;

(5) to arrange sea watch, port watch, cargo watch for the ratings;

(6) to maintain cleanliness and hygiene on the vessel

(7) to assist the Chief Officer during anchoring and berthing operations;

(8) to finish any other tasks assigned by the Master or Chief Officer.

我在大副的领导下工作，帮助大副处理夹板上的各种工作并亲自完成大副交办的工作。具体

工作包括：

（1） 巡视甲板确保一切正常

（2） 为普通水手分派工作；

（3） 在大副的领导和批准下，做船体、甲板机械、货机等的维修和保养；

（4） 在大副批准下， 管理船上备件；

（5） 安排普通船员进行海上值班、港口值班和货物值班；

（6） 船上卫生的保持；

（7） 抛收锚作业和泊位作业时协助大副；

（8） 船长或大副吩咐的其他工作。

3. Do you have the watch keeping license or certificate? 

Yes, I do. I can steer the vessel very well. Actually, before I became a bosun, I worked as AB for nearly 5 years on four ships.

通常来说，船上的Bosun，AB等职位要操舵值班，具备STCW95公约下的值班证书很重要。

4. How many years have you been a Bosun? When did you start your seaman life?

On board how many ships have you served as a Boatswain?

干几年水手长了？什么时候开始干船员的。做过几条船的水手长？

For five years. I started my seaman life ten years ago. I have served as a Bosun on board four ships.

5. Do you like drinking? As far as you know, what is the maximum blood alcohol concentration (BAC) rate on board?

船上的酒精限量是多少？

According to the STCW Code, the BAG shall not be more than 0.08 % by weight any time when being tested. But watch keepers are not allowed to drink any alcoholic beverage 4 hours before their watch.

6. What should you do if you find something wrong with the vessel when you are keeping the watch?

如果值班时发现很大的问题该怎么办？

It depends on the seriousness of the problem. If I can solve the problem, I will do it myself.

If I cannot solve, I should report it to the duty officers immediately.

那取决于问题的严重程度。若问题能自我解决，就迅速采取措施，若自己解决不了，应马上 向值班驾驶员报告。

7. What should be borne in mind when you do the paint work?

做油漆工作时应注意哪些事项？

I should choose the appropriate paints, choose the right brush, and keep the painted area clean and dry. Moreover, I should choose the best weather condition to do the paint work

(usually from 5 degrees to 25 degrees) and paint in correct order, usually from left to right, from top to bottom, from inside to outside. Enough intervals should be kept between two coats.

I should not forget to take safety protection measures. Another important thing is to make sure not to cause pollution at any time and any place.

应该首先选择合适的油漆和漆刷。确保要油漆作业的地方干净、干燥。一般选择在5~25℃ 的室外气温时干油漆活。按正常的方位油漆，一般是从左到右，从上到下，从里到外。在不同遍数之间，应该有一定的时间间隔。干活时注意安全，不要造成任何可能的污染。

8. Tell us the names of some marks on the shell plate.

请说出几个船身的标记。

There are draught marks, deck line mark, load line(载重线) (winter, summer, tropical fresh water, timber) mark, tonnage mark（吨位标识）, bulbous bow and thruster marks (船首和推进器线)，tug pushing point mark(拖船受力顶推标识) and so on.

9. If you keep watch during loading or discharging, what should you do?

装卸货值班时应注意那些事项?

First, I should make sure that the goods are stacked in order during loading, and make sure that the stevedores do not use hand hooks and other tool to damage the cargo.

Second, I should make sure that the damaged cargo and damp goods are not stored in the holds. The torn bags, if found, should be properly repaired before stowage.

Third, I shall record the cargo loaded and discharged and do a good record of the damaged cargo, if there is any.

Last, I will be very careful about the surrounding. If something wrong happens during the work, I should report to the C/O or duty officer on time.

10. When the cranes are used during loading and discharging, what should you pay attention to?

装卸货使用吊车时应注意些什么？

I should make sure that the stevedores or ABs operate the cranes properly.

I should make sure that the crane is not overloaded.

I should pay attention to wearing condition of the crane.

If I find workers do some damage to the crane, I should write down the time and place,and report to the duty officer immediately.

一水面试问题及参考答案

一水应该有较好的工作经验和娴熟的操舵能力。通 常，主 要考察一水的问题集中在驾驶值班、操舵、港口梯口值班、应急处理能力、沟通和服从意识等方面。现在的一水越来越年轻，且英文和业务水平也在不断地提高。

1. How long have you been an AB? On board how many ships have you worked as an AB?

你做AB有多长时间了？在几条船上做过AB？

For ten years and six ships.

2. When you are steering, what should be especially careful about?

当你操舵时，应该特别注意什么?

I should pay full attention to the helm without doing something else and listen to the instruction of the duty officer any time. At the same time, if I do not understand the orders from

the officers, I shall ask for clarification. Whenever I find something unusual or something that I cannot deal with, I will ask for help from the duty officers or the Master.

3. Do you like drinking? As far as you know, what is the maximum blood alcohol concentration (BAC) rate on board?

你喜欢喝酒吗？你认为船上工作时，血液里最多不能超过多少酒精？

According to the STCW Code, the BAC shall not be more than 0.08 % by weight any time when being tested. But watch keepers are not allowed to drink any alcoholic beverage 4 hours before their watch.

4. When you work on board, do you just listen to the officers' order or the orders from both the officers and the Bosun?

在船上工作时，你只是听水手长的指挥，还是既听水手长的指挥，又听从其他干部船员的指挥？

I listen to the orders from both but should remember that the Bosun is my direct superior.

5. During change of tide in port, what are the most important things you have to watch out for?

当遇到海潮变换的时候，哪些方面该引起你的注意？

The most important things I have to watch out for are the safety and condition of the accommodation ladder, mooring lines and rat guards.

6. Please explain how you prepare the pilot ladder.

请说说如何备引水梯。

I must rig the ladder well clear of overboard discharges.

I must make sure the ladder rests firmly against the ship's side.

I must lay the manropes and prepare a lifebuoy and a heaving line for the pilot.

At night, I must prepare lights.

7. If the pilot orders "Hard Port" while the Master orders "Hard Starboard". Whose order do you listen to, and why?

I obey the Master's order because he is the Master. The pilot is only an advisor to the Master.

8. What are the meanings of the following flags signal?

下面这些旗帜的意思是什么？

(1) BRAVO (2) HOTEL (3) GOLF (4) QUEBEC (5) ALPHA.

Bravo: I am taking in, or discharging or carrying dangerous goods;

船装卸或装载危险品货物。

Hotel: I have a pilot on board;

引航员在船上。

Golf: I require a pilot;

需要引航员。

Quebec: My ship is healthy and I request free port entry permit:

船一切正常，要进港。

Alpha means "I have diver down, keep well clear at slow speed."

潜水员作业，请慢速。

9. What will you do if you find fire in the cargo hold?

发现货舱失火该怎么办？

If I find fire there, I will sound the alarm right away. I will not try to deal with the fire without raising the alarm unless it is very small. I will close the ventilation, manholes and hatches until the firefighting team arrives.

发现失火，马上拉响警铃。除非火非常小，否则不应该不报警便开始灭火。应马上关闭火灾最近的通风设备、人孔等，等待消防人员的到来。

10. What should you do in case of steering failure?

舵失效怎么办？

If the transmission system between the bridge and the steering gears breaks down, I will report it to the duty officer or the Master immediately, put the steering wheel amidships and

transfer steering to the emergency steering position. I will immediately hoist the signal for a ship not under command.

11. When the vessel is ready to depart from a port, what do a helmman need to do?

I should start the steering gear, check the helm wheel, hang up the signal flag in the day time, inspect the navigation lights at night, clean the glasses around the bridge and some other work.

开启舵机，核对舵轮，白天挂起信号灯，晚间要检查航行灯，擦干驾驶室四周的玻璃。

12. When you are on the gangway watch, what should you pay attention to?

I should ask the visitors be to careful when they are stepping the gangway ladder, identify and write down the vessel visitors on the record sheet.

对访船者进行身份识别和登记并告之他们注意安全。

Second, I should pay attention to the gangway safety and do adjustment (drawing in or give out the gangway length) at a tidy port to avoid collision.

注意梯口安全，根据天气和海浪情况及时收放梯子。

Third, check the mooring line regularly.

定期检查系缆绳。

Fourth, when he vessel takes in freshwater, I shall take regular examination to prevent overflow.

船舶加淡水时要定期检查，以防溢水。

Fifth, when another ship is berthing alongside the vessel, I should report to the duty officer on time.

若有另一条船停靠在我船边上，及时向值班驾驶员汇报。

Sixth, I should check whether the rat guards have been properly placed on the mooring lines to prevent the rats from coming on board.

检查系缆绳上是否放置了防鼠板。