1. 什么是船长常规命令

英文原文：What is the Master’s Standing Order?It is basically the Master’s own set of instructions and orders for the vessel’s operation. The contents may include such items as the watch - keeping duties for the officers, when to ask for order from the master, the port entry procedure, and how to deal with emergency situations like oil pollution, fire disaster, collision, grounding, as well as when to call the master to the bridge, and so on. For special vessels (tanker, LPG or car carriers, etc.) the standing orders may have some more contents.The Standing Order is normally found on the first pages of Deck Log Book and in the Bridge Order Book. Besides, some warnings shall be prominently posted on the bridge and read and signed by all duty officers.

中文解释：船长常规命令基本上是船长针对船舶操作自行制定的一系列指令和命令。其内容可能包括高级船员的值班职责、何时向船长请示命令、进港程序，以及如何处理诸如油污、火灾、碰撞、搁浅等紧急情况，还有何时召唤船长到驾驶台等等。对于特殊船舶（油轮、液化石油气船或汽车运输船等），常规命令可能包含更多内容。常规命令通常可在航海日志的首页和驾驶台命令簿中找到。此外，一些警告应显著张贴在驾驶台上，并由所有值班驾驶员阅读和签字。

是否曾在美国港口国检查期间遇到过问题

英文原文：Did you encounter any problems during PSC inspections in the US ports?No, I have never met any big problems because I always made good preparation according to the PSC inspection checklist before my vessel called at the US port. Each time I was able to go through the PSC inspections smoothly.

中文解释：你在美国港口国检查期间遇到过问题吗？没有，我从未遇到过重大问题，因为在我的船舶抵达美国港口之前，我总是会根据港口国检查清单做好充分准备。每次我都能顺利通过港口国检查。

英文原文：Yes, I once had a problem during PSC inspection in a US port. The ARPA couldn’t be activated since the power supply was out of work. The USCG only allowed us a few hours to repair it. To their satisfaction, the ARPA was back to normal after only one hour. Luckily we didn’t have any fine imposed on us. I understand from this experience that good preparations in advance are very important. Even if there is a problem, I will ask my crew to rectify it in the least possible time.

中文解释：是的，我有一次在美国港口的港口国检查期间遇到了问题。由于电源故障，自动雷达标绘仪（ARPA）无法启动。美国海岸警卫队只给了我们几个小时来修复它。令他们满意的是，仅仅一个小时后 ARPA 就恢复了正常。幸运的是，我们没有被罚款。从这次经历中我明白，提前做好充分准备非常重要。即使出现问题，我也会要求我的船员在尽可能短的时间内解决它。

如果提单数量与载货数量严重不符，船长如何处理

英文原文：What should the Master do if the figures of the loaded quantity are abnormally different from those on the bills of lading?The Master should report the case to the ship owner as soon as possible. At the discretion of the company, the Master should prepare and send a Letter of Protest to the notary surveyor or terminal/port authority under the instruction of the ship owner. In such case, the Master should also require further measurements and calculations to be made.

中文解释：如果载货数量与提单上的数字严重不符，船长应该怎么做？船长应尽快将情况报告给船东。根据公司的决定，在船东的指示下，船长应准备并向公证检验员或码头 / 港口当局发送抗议信。在这种情况下，船长还应要求进行进一步的测量和计算。

工作的上条船舶，航行了哪些区域，并列举曾经到访的港口

英文原文：What was your last vessel’s trading area? Which ports have you ever called?I have rich experience in calling the ports in the US, some developed and developing countries and in the passage through the Suez C***, Panama C***, and Dover Strait, and Denmark Strait.

中文解释：你上一艘船的航行区域是哪里？你都停靠过哪些港口？我在停靠美国、一些发达国家和发展中国家的港口方面有丰富的经验，并且有通过苏伊士运河、巴拿马运河、多佛尔海峡和丹麦海峡的经历。

英文提示：Some useful expressions for trading areas: 全球航线 ocean - going, world widely, globally, worldwide; 固定航线 fixed route; 国内贸易 domestic trade.

简单列举中国国有航运公司和国外公司之间的差异

英文原文：Can you tell me the differences between the Chinese state - owned shipping companies and foreign shipping companies?Basically, in my opinion, there are not big differences at tall. It seems to me that foreign ship owners are more concerned about the master’s overriding authority on board while the Chinese shipping companies tend to ask their local agents to do more for the vessel. Another major difference between them is that the Safety Management System of the Chinese companies is in Chinese and the working language on board is Chinese. Foreign owner seem to care more about the implementation of the SMS manuals in reality. What’s more, most of the Chinese owners use the CCS for classification while foreign owners may use different classification societies.

中文解释：你能说说中国国有航运公司和外国航运公司之间的差异吗？基本上，在我看来，并没有太大的差异。在我看来，外国船东更关注船长在船上的绝对权力，而中国航运公司则倾向于让他们的当地代理为船舶做更多事情。它们之间的另一个主要区别是，中国公司的安全管理体系是中文的，船上的工作语言也是中文。外国船东似乎更关心安全管理体系手册在实际中的执行情况。此外，大多数中国船东使用中国船级社（CCS）进行船级评定，而外国船东可能会使用不同的船级社。

列举世界上著名的船东公司、船舶管理公司和海员英语测试软件

英文原文：3.Seafarer’s English Proficiency test software:Marlins TestSeagull CES(Crew Evaluation System ) TestASK TestECDIS(for equipment supplier) testiTESTVIDEOTEL Test

中文解释：海员英语水平测试软件：Marlins Test、Seagull CES（船员评估系统）测试、ASK Test、ECDIS（设备供应商）测试、iTEST、VIDEOTEL Test

英文原文：2.To10 ship management company:Anglo Eastern - Univan GroupV.GroupFLEETBERNHARD Schulte Ship ManagementColumbia ShipmanagementSynergy GroupWallem GroupThome Ship ManagementWilhelmsen Ship ManagementOSM Maritime

中文解释：十大船舶管理公司：英联 - 优利文集团、V.Group、FLEET、贝仕船舶管理公司、哥伦比亚船舶管理公司、Synergy Group、华伦集团、托姆船舶管理公司、威翰船舶管理公司、OSM Maritime

英文原文：1.Top 10 shipowner company:A.P.Moller - Maersk（马士基）MSC（地中海航运 Mditerranean Shipping Co.）COSCO（中远海）CMA CGM（达飞）HAPAG - LLOyd（赫伯罗特）ONE（海洋网联船务）EVERGREEN（长荣海运）YANGMING（阳明海员）PIL（太平船务）HMM（现代船务）

中文解释：十大船东公司：A.P. 穆勒 - 马士基（马士基）、地中海航运（地中海航运公司）、中远海、达飞轮船、赫伯罗特、海洋网联船务、长荣海运、阳明海运、太平船务、现代商船

英文原文：another ship company:ZIM（以星航运）WANHAI（万海航运）中谷海运 IRAN SHIPPING（伊朗国航）KOREA MARINE（高丽海运）安通控股 SITC 山东海丰 X - PRESS FEEDERSUNIFEEDER（联合快线）TS LINES (德翔海运)

中文解释：其他船公司：以星航运、万海航运、中谷海运、伊朗国航、高丽海运、安通控股、山东海丰、X - PRESS FEEDERS、联合快线、德翔海运

英文原文：Please list the famous shipowner in the world? Or ship management company? or Seafarer’s English test software?

如何理解与轮机长、驾驶员以及轮机员保持良好融洽关系的重要性

英文原文：How do you understand the importance of keeping good and harmonious relationship with the Chief Engineer and other Officers and Engineers?Without harmonious relationship with the Chief Engineer and the other Officers and Engineers, the Master cannot manage the ship well. But how can the Master achieve it? First of all, the Master must have close contact with the department heads because the daily management is delegated to them although the Master himself is responsible for the overall safety and personnel management. Secondly, the Master himself must know his job well and know when to do what and how. Thirdly, the Master should be very strict in himself in discipline and behavior. Fourthly, he should be fair in job assignment, pay distribution and other daily management. But if someone on board breaks the Master’s order or the rules on purpose, the Master will have to penalize the offender and can consider firing him according to the procedure of the ship owner.

中文解释：你如何理解与轮机长、其他高级船员和轮机员保持良好和谐关系的重要性？如果与轮机长和其他高级船员、轮机员关系不和谐，船长就无法很好地管理船舶。但是船长如何才能做到这一点呢？首先，船长必须与部门负责人保持密切联系，因为日常管理工作是委托给他们的，尽管船长本人要对整体安全和人员管理负责。其次，船长本人必须熟悉自己的工作，知道何时该做什么以及如何去做。第三，船长在纪律和行为方面必须对自己非常严格。第四，他在工作分配、薪酬分配和其他日常管理中应该公平公正。但是，如果船上有人故意违反船长的命令或规定，船长将不得不对违规者进行惩罚，并可以根据船东的程序考虑解雇他。

注意：这是一个考验船长管理能力的问题。在实际工作中，不同船长有不同的管理经验和方法，但是船东希望船长在这方面采用适当的管理方法。有些船长在回答这类问题时，会不假思索的说：“I will dismiss those who do not listen to me”. 这样会显得过于霸道，也不符合船东和船旗国的船员管理程序。

简述航行计划，并列明制定航行计划所需的素材

英文原文：How is a passage plan made on board ships? What materials do you need to refer to when you make such plans?Usually, a passage plan should be made by the Second Officer before a new voyage starts. The Master should give the Second Officer the sailing instructions and his intentions on the sailing routes and before the Second Officer prepares the draft plan. Then the Master is supposed to check it very carefully. If something wrong is found in the passage plan, the Master should ask the Second Officer to correct it immediately. If nothing is wrong about the draft, the plan shall be ratified and implemented.

中文解释：船上的航行计划是如何制定的？制定这样的计划时需要参考哪些素材？通常，在新航次开始前，航行计划应由二副制定。在二副准备计划草案之前，船长应向二副给出航行指示以及自己对航行路线的意图。然后船长应该非常仔细地检查它。如果在航行计划中发现问题，船长应要求二副立即进行纠正。如果草案没有问题，该计划将被批准并实施。

英文原文：When the Second Officer is making the draft plan, the Master should help provide some important information sources for the Second Officer, such as the port entry guidance, the sailing directions, lists of lights, tidal stream tables, deep draught vessel planning guide, the IMO ship route guidance, government and port authority’s regulations, pilot charts, notice to mariner, weather information, and the voyage plan, and so on.

中文解释：当二副制定计划草案时，船长应帮助为二副提供一些重要的信息来源，例如进港指南、航路指南、灯标表、潮流表、深吃水船舶规划指南、国际海事组织（IMO）船舶航线指南、政府和港口当局的规定、引航图、航海通告、天气信息以及航次计划等等。

英文原文：The Master should ensure that the plan covers “berth to berth” area in the passage. And the Master should help the Second Officer to select the best sailing route that will save fuel and time, and avoid bad weather conditions.

中文解释：船长应确保该计划涵盖航程中的 “泊位到泊位” 区域。并且船长应帮助二副选择最佳的航行路线，以节省燃料和时间，并避开恶劣天气条件。

注意：一般航行计划由二副来做，但船长应给与必要的指导和提供必要的信息。

如何召开 “开航前会议”

英文原文：How should the pre - departure seminar be conducted in the port?According to my experience, a safety meeting shall be held prior to departure and some of the important issues like the un - berthing operation (including the deck and engine room), cargo & hull lashing check, stowaway check, cooperation with the pilot and other engineering( technical) matters should be discussed at the meeting.

中文解释：在港口应如何召开开航前会议？根据我的经验，在开航前应召开一次安全会议，会上应讨论一些重要问题，如离泊操作（包括甲板和机舱）、货物和船体绑扎检查、偷渡者检查、与引航员的合作以及其他工程（技术）事项。

遇到货损时船长应如何处理？例如，在抵达卸货港之前，你发现运载的谷物表面发生霉变，应该如何处理

英文原文：In case of cargo damage, what would you do as a Master? For example, before the vessel arrives at the discharging port, you find the quality of the su***ce of grain cargo has changed (deteriorated), how would you handle it?I have to look into the reasons and volume of the damage first, and then I’ll contact the owner for further instruction. In the event of small quantity of grain, I shall just throw it into the sea to avoid disputes. Or I will follow the owner’s instruction to contact the P&I correspondent or local agent for their advice.

中文解释：如果发生货物损坏，作为船长你会怎么做？例如，在船舶抵达卸货港之前，你发现运载的谷物表面质量发生了变化（变质），你会如何处理？我必须首先调查损坏的原因和程度，然后联系船东以获取进一步的指示。如果谷物数量较少，为了避免纠纷，我会直接将其扔到海里。或者我会按照船东的指示联系船东保赔协会的代理或当地代理征求他们的意见。

英文原文：If necessary, I’ll prepare a Sea Protest to claim that the ship owner and the crew have exercised their due diligence.

中文解释：如有必要，我会准备一份海事声明，以表明船东和船员已经尽到了应尽的职责。

注意：关于货损方面的处理程序，各个公司都有相关的操作和程序文件，上述只是一般处理原则。船长应采取灵活的措施，及时处理和调查货损事故原因，并准备相关证明材料。

是否有与其他国家海员一起工作的经历

英文原文：Did you have the experience of working with foreign crews?Yes, I have worked on four ships of mixed crew from China, China Taiwan, Philippine, Vietnam, Russia, South Korea, Japan, Burma and Ukraine.

中文解释：你有和外国船员一起工作的经历吗？是的，我曾在四艘船上工作，船员来自中国、中国台湾、菲律宾、越南、俄罗斯、韩国、日本、缅甸和乌克兰。

注意：回答该问题时应实事求是。但是，外派资历是外国船东很看中的，如果你有很好的外派资历，可千万不要错过让船东知道。

举例说明船级社的作用和目的

英文原文：What is a classification society? What is the purpose of classification survey? Please list some famous Classification Societies in the world.A Classification society is usually an independent organization that carries out classification surveys, statutory surveys, surveys related to notarial matters for ships, offshore installations, marine freight containers, materials and marine equipment. It also provides safety management certification services to shipping companies and their ships. The purpose of classification survey is to evaluate the situation of a ship and the management of a company and its ship.

中文解释：什么是船级社？船级检验的目的是什么？请列举一些世界著名的船级社。船级社通常是一个独立的组织，对船舶、海上设施、海运集装箱、材料和船用设备进行船级检验、法定检验以及与公证事项相关的检验。它还为航运公司及其船舶提供安全管理认证服务。船级检验的目的是评估船舶的状况以及公司及其船舶的管理情况。

英文提示：Some of the famous Classification societies:NK (Nippon Kaiji Kyokai, 日本海事协会) CCS (China Classification Society) ABS (American Bureau of Shipping) DNV - GL (Det Norske Veritas - Germanisher Lloyd 挪威和德国劳氏) LR (Lloyd’s Register 英国劳氏) KR (Korean Register) RINA (意大利船级社).

紧急情况下船长的绝对权力：

• 英文原文：immediate danger, the Master shall exercise his overriding authority and take whatever actions necessary in dealing with an emergency situation in order to protect the safety of the seafarers, the cargo, the vessel, the port and the environment without considering too much the demands of the ship owner and the charterer. Nevertheless, the Master should report to the company in detail what has happened and filed after the event.

• 中文解释：你如何理解紧急情况下船长的绝对权力？如果情况和时间允许，船长在采取行动之前应始终先向公司报告。然而，当船舶处于紧迫危险时，船长应行使其绝对权力，采取一切必要行动来应对紧急情况，以保护海员、货物、船舶、港口和环境的安全，而不必过多考虑船东和租船人的要求。不过，事后船长应向公司详细报告所发生的情况并进行备案。

工作的上条船舶上装载的货物：

• 英文原文：What type of cargo was carried on board your last vessel?

• 中文解释：你上一艘船运载了什么类型的货物？

• 英文提示：Tips: 下面提供几种货物的名称，供参考：Bulk cargo: cement, cement clicker, nickel, ore, iron, sand, phosphorus rock（磷矿）, potash in bulk (碳酸钾), salt, grain, pet coke, coal, fertilizer, Kaolin clay, scrap etc…General cargoes: vehicle, loader (装货设备), wagon, heavy lifts（重型起重机）, over - length cargo（超常货物）, mining equipment (采矿设备), steel construction material.Other: log, plywood（木板）, timber, container and so on.

船长和轮机长之间融洽关系的重要性：

• 英文原文：What is the suitable relationship between the Master and the Chief Engineer of a vessel? Or what kind of relation should the Master and the Chief Engineer have?The Master is the No.1 leader of the ship, responsible for the whole vessel and the Chief Engineer is one subordinate of the Master. The Chief Engineer is in full charge of the Engine department. The Master gives the Chief Engineer full power to manage his department. In the meantime, it is also important for the Master to offer support and help to the Chief Engineer in his implementation of duties. Anyway, smooth cooperation and harmonious relationship between the Master and the Chief Engineer is very important to the safe operation of the vessel.

• 中文解释：船舶上船长和轮机长之间合适的关系是什么样的？或者说船长和轮机长应该保持什么样的关系？船长是船舶的首要领导者，对整艘船负责，而轮机长是船长的下属之一。轮机长全面负责轮机部门。船长赋予轮机长管理其部门的充分权力。同时，船长在轮机长履行职责过程中为其提供支持和帮助也是很重要的。总之，船长和轮机长之间顺畅的合作与和谐的关系对船舶的安全运营非常重要。

• 注意：船长和老轨的融洽的关系非常重要，但船长对船舶安全的绝对权威不能有任何折扣。船东希望船长既能和老轨处好关系，又能果断树立自己的管理权威。

抵靠美国港口的准备事项：

• 英文原文：Can you describe what preparations you need to make before your vessel enters a US port?

• 中文解释：你能描述一下在你的船舶进入美国港口之前需要做哪些准备工作吗？

• 具体准备事项：

英文原文：1.First, I must check all the certificates for the vessel and the seamen to make sure all the necessary certificates are available to deal with the customs clearances, the sanitary checks and other port checks. In addition, I must prepare such publications as currently corrected navigational charts, US costal pilot guide, light list book, tide table, US inland rules of navigation, and recent notice to mariners.

中文解释：首先，我必须检查船舶和船员的所有证书，以确保具备所有必要的证书来办理海关清关、卫生检查和其他港口检查手续。此外，我必须准备诸如已更新的航海图、美国沿海引航指南、灯标表、潮汐表、美国内陆航行规则以及近期的航海通告等出版物。

英文原文：2.Ninety - six hours before arrival in a US port, The ENOA (Electronic Notice of Arrival) is to be sent to the relevant USCG(CC the local agent and the company) along with the Ballast water exchange report.

中文解释：在抵达美国港口前 96 小时，应向相关的美国海岸警卫队（同时抄送当地代理和公司）发送电子到港通知（ENOA）以及压载水交换报告。

英文原文：3.Forty - eight hours prior to entry to a US port, I shall conduct the following emergency steering drills and log them into the record books: operation of the main steering gear from steering compartment, communication between bridge and steering compartment, and alternative power supply. I shall also inform the Qualified Individual of my arrival.

中文解释：在进入美国港口前 48 小时，我应进行以下应急操舵演练，并将其记录在记录簿中：从操舵室操作主操舵装置、驾驶台与操舵室之间的通信以及备用电源的使用。我还应通知合格人员我的船舶即将抵达。

英文原文：4.Twenty - four hours before arrival in a US port, I shall notify the USCG of my ship’s arrival.

中文解释：在抵达美国港口前 24 小时，我应通知美国海岸警卫队我的船舶即将抵达。

英文原文：5.Twelve hours prior to arrival in a US port, the following equipment shall be tested and recorded in the log book: primary and second steering gear, internal control communications and alarms, standing - by emergency generator, and main propulsion machinery.

中文解释：在抵达美国港口前 12 小时，应测试以下设备并将其记录在航海日志中：主操舵装置和辅助操舵装置、内部控制通信和警报系统、备用应急发电机以及主推进机械。

英文原文：6.Drills are also the priorities of my preparatory work. Usually, the port authority of the US pays special attention to the drills. So boat drills, fire - fighting drills and other drills must be carried out before entering into any US port.

中文解释：演练也是我准备工作的重点。通常，美国港口当局特别关注演练。所以在进入任何美国港口之前，必须进行救生艇演练、消防演练和其他演练。

英文原文：7.Sanitary situation of my ship is another consideration. Proper disposal of garbage on my ship and anti - pollution devices examination are very important.

中文解释：船舶的卫生状况是另一个需要考虑的方面。妥善处理船上的垃圾以及检查防污染设备非常重要。

英文原文：8.All in all, much more care should be taken before entry into any US port than in the ports in other countries.

中文解释：总而言之，进入美国港口之前需要比进入其他国家港口更加谨慎地做好准备工作。

注意：美国是世界上海事立法最多和港口检查最严格的国家之一。熟悉美国有关海事立法和港口国检查要求对一名船长来说非常重要，这也是船东特别关注的问题之一。

船长为何需要关注引航员的行为：

• 英文原文：Why should the Master always be aware of the actions being taken by the pilot?Well, it’s because the presence of the pilot on the bridge does not relieve the Master from taking any measures necessary to assure the safety of the ship and marine environment. If he finds that the pilot’s orders are doubtful, the Master has to clarify the orders immediately. When necessary, the Master shall command the ship’s navigation himself.

• 中文解释：为什么船长需要时刻留意引航员的行为？嗯，这是因为引航员在驾驶台上并不免除船长采取任何确保船舶和海洋环境安全的必要措施的责任。如果船长发现引航员的指令有疑问，必须立即澄清这些指令。必要时，船长应亲自指挥船舶航行。

• 注意：在 ISM 体系中特别强调的一点是引航员在船引水时并没有解除船长和船员对于船舶安全的责任，船长应让每位船员熟知该内容。

对中国船员和菲律宾船员等不同国家船员的看法：

• 英文原文：Can you differentiate the Chinese crews and the Filipino crews? Or how do you like the Filipino (Korean, Vietnamese, Indian, Burmese, Ukrainian, Russian, British etc) seamen?I had the experience of working with the Filipino crew. The Filipinos are mostly very professional and obedient. Their English is better as compared with that of Chinese seafarers. However, sometimes they are also demanding in terms of wages. As a whole, they are very nice seafarers. To me, the seafarers from different countries have both advantages and disadvantages.

• 中文解释：你能区分中国船员和菲律宾船员吗？或者你如何看待菲律宾（韩国、越南、印度、缅甸、乌克兰、俄罗斯、英国等）船员？我有过和菲律宾船员一起工作的经历。菲律宾船员大多非常专业且服从命令。与中国海员相比，他们的英语更好。然而，有时他们在工资方面要求较高。总体而言，他们是很不错的海员。对我来说，来自不同国家的海员都各有优缺点。

• 注意：在回答这类问题时，切忌把其他国家的海员说得一无是处，要尽量说出他人的长处。船员队伍本来就很国际化，在一个类似 “联合国” 的工作团队里，能和不同国籍、不同文化、不同性格的人和睦相处，是非常重要的能力。

船长对其在外国和陌生港口的法律不清楚时的处理办法：

• 英文原文：What should the Master do if he is unsure about his legal standing in a foreign country or a strange port?He must contact the company at once for advice. He should also, if necessary, consult the local correspondent of the owner’s P & I and the local agent of the ship who can provide valuable advice and assistance.

• 中文解释：如果船长对自己在外国或陌生港口的法律地位不确定，应该怎么做？他必须立即联系公司征求建议。如有必要，他还应咨询船东的保赔协会当地代理以及船舶的当地代理，他们可以提供有价值的建议和帮助。

• 注意：船东希望船长在国外陌生港口遇到无法解决的问题或困难时，能够及时与船公司进行沟通，或向当地船东互保协会进行咨询和寻求帮助。

介绍曾经服务的公司及它们的不同：

• 英文原文：Can you tell me about the companies you have worked for? What are the differences among these companies?The company I have worked for the past ten years is a state - owned company. It is a good company. But the management of the company is, in some ways, different from foreign ship owners’ companies.

• 中文解释：你能谈谈你曾工作过的公司吗？这些公司之间有什么不同？我过去十年工作的公司是一家国有公司。它是一家不错的公司。但该公司的管理在某些方面与外国船东的公司有所不同。