一、施放前的准备工作

Pre-launch Preparations

1. 相关指挥人员应熟读船舶说明书，了解吊艇架和救生艇的施放步骤及各环节注意事项。Command personnel shall thoroughly read the ship's manual to understand the launching procedures and precautions for the davit and lifeboat.
2. 召集所有参与人员开会，布置任务，明确分工，准备工具和应急措施，统一指挥。Convene all participants for a meeting to assign tasks, clarify roles, prepare tools and emergency measures, and establish unified command.
3. 检查吊艇架各绞车工况，确保降落滑道无任何障碍。Inspect the working conditions of each davit winch and ensure the launching chute is free of obstacles.
4. 检查两舷的吊艇钢丝套环是否固定好。Check if the davit wire rope shackles on both sides are securely fastened.
5. 备好绳梯、艇缆、撇缆、安全带、碰垫，以及必要的工具、加油和滑油装置、通讯工具等。Prepare rope ladders, lifeboat cables, heaving lines, safety belts, fenders, necessary tools, refueling and lubrication devices, communication tools, etc.
6. 在条件许可时，可先将救助艇放至海面，以配合救生艇的收放，保持船尾清爽。When conditions permit, lower the rescue boat to the sea first to coordinate with the lifeboat's launch and recovery, keeping the stern clear.
7. 先将吊艇钢丝装上，进行模拟放艇操作，以检验艇架和起绞装置。模拟施放时，先收紧吊艇钢丝，驾驶员进入艇内操作脱钩后离开，解开艇保险装置，立艇架至最外端，再降下救生艇直至海面。模拟结束后，重新加固救生艇，确保脱钩装置正确复位，装复固艇保险钢丝。Install the davit wires first and conduct a simulated launch to test the davit and hoisting mechanism. During simulation: tension the davit wires, have the officer enter the boat to operate the release hook and then exit, untie the boat's safety device, extend the davit to the outermost end, and lower the lifeboat to the sea. After simulation, re-secure the lifeboat, ensure the release mechanism is correctly reset, and reinstall the fixed boat safety wires.

二、施放时机的选择

Selection of Launching Timing

建议选择在无风、无浪、无涌浪、平潮、无纵摇和横摇，船舶尽量正浮，水深在两倍艇长以上的开阔水域进行。新船第一次操作更应注重气候条件。

It is recommended to conduct the operation in open waters with no wind, waves, or swell, at slack tide, no pitch or roll, the ship as upright as possible, and water depth exceeding twice the boat's length. Pay special attention to weather conditions for the first operation of a new ship.

三、施放过程

Launching Process

1. 随艇下人员进入救生艇后脱下救生衣（可戴安全帽），确认艇内无松动物体，艇机工作正常。驾驶员检查全体艇员正确系好安全带后，回到自己位置。Personnel descending with the boat shall remove life jackets after entering (hard hats may be worn), confirm no loose objects inside, and ensure the boat engine is operational. The officer checks all crew have fastened seat belts correctly before returning to their position.
2. 确认救生艇没有任何物体相连，如充电装置。Confirm the lifeboat is disconnected from all objects, such as charging devices.
3. 关闭所有水密门窗，解开固定压艇装置。Close all watertight doors/windows and untie the fixed pressing devices.
4. 确认船尾清爽，艇机已熄火，舵轮处于正舵位置。Ensure the stern is clear, the engine is shut off, and the steering wheel is in the straight-ahead position.
5. 解开固艇保险钢丝，通知艇内驾驶员可以脱钩。Untie the fixed boat safety wires and notify the officer inside to release the hook.
6. 艇内驾驶员和艇员保持沟通，脱钩前告知艇员做好准备，然后操纵艇内脱钩装置，使艇自由降落水中。The officer and crew maintain communication: warn crew to prepare before releasing the hook, then operate the in-boat release mechanism to let the boat free-fall into the water.
7. 艇降入水中后，立即启动艇机，小艇驶离母船，随船下人员解开安全带，穿好救生衣。After entering the water, start the engine immediately, navigate away from the mother ship, and the descending personnel untie seat belts and put on life jackets.

四、回收过程

Recovery Process

1. 母船准备好两条带艇缆，将绳梯放至水面。
   The mother ship prepares two boat cables and lowers the rope ladder to the water.
2. 摆出吊艇架，将绞艇钢丝松至水面附近。Extend the davit and slack the winch wire near the water surface.
3. 复位小艇释放装置并检查确认。Reset and inspect the boat release mechanism.
4. 小艇调整至船首尾线附近，在艇尾装好碰垫，微速倒车缓缓靠近母船。Adjust the boat near the ship's bow-stern line, install a fender at the stern, and approach the mother ship slowly in reverse at low speed.
5. 出艇挂钩人员穿好救生衣，系好安全带，在小艇退至船尾后带好尾缆。Personnel going out to hook the boat shall wear life jackets and safety belts, and secure the stern cable after the boat retreats to the stern.
6. 从两舷解开吊艇套环，一人抱住套环，两人协助调整吊钩，将套环套入。Untie the davit shackles from both sides: one person holds the shackle, and two assist in adjusting the hook to fit the shackle.
7. 两套环挂好后，检查吊艇钢丝和卸扣有无扭绞，收紧艇尾缆，使小艇靠近绳梯。After both shackles are hooked, check wires and shackles for twisting, tension the stern cable to bring the boat close to the rope ladder.
8. 艇员从绳梯登船，依据规定艇内乘员严禁超过 3 人。Crew board the ship via the rope ladder, with no more than 3 persons allowed inside the boat as per regulations.
9. 操作绞车先将艇绞高，再落艇架，操作中注意防止艇体摇摆撞击艇架。Operate the winch to hoist the boat first, then lower the davit, preventing the boat from swinging into the davit during operation.
10. 小艇到位后挂上固艇装置和保险钢丝。After the boat is in position, install the fixed device and safety wires.
11. 松绞艇钢丝使固艇装置受力，带上压艇装置。Slack the winch wire to let the fixed device bear the load, and install the pressing device.
12. 解开吊艇钢丝，将两套环固定在两舷眼环上，收起艇钩并固定，使小艇处于应急释放状态。
    Untie the davit wires, fix both shackles on side eyebolts, retract and secure the boat hook, leaving the boat in emergency release readiness.

五、安全操作注意事项

Safety Operation Notes

1. 放艇前所有乘员必须穿好救生衣，按分工携带好物品，听从艇长指挥。无特殊情况，随艇下降人员应不多于 3 人。All crew must wear life jackets before launch, carry items as per their duties, and obey the boat captain. Normally, no more than 3 persons shall descend with the boat.
2. 解除影响放艇的绳索，装好艇底塞，放下保险绳及首尾缆绳。Remove ropes affecting launch, install the boat bottom plug, and lower the safety rope and bow-stern cables.
3. 对吊艇机械、滑车、钢丝及吊艇钩进行检查，并进行空转试验，确保制动器完好。对机动艇，检查储油是否充足适用，并发动发动机试车。Inspect davit machinery, pulleys, wires, and hooks; conduct no-load tests to ensure brakes are functional. For motorized boats, check oil storage and start the engine for a test run.
4. 艇长应向船长报告放艇前检查和准备工作情况，经认可后方可放艇。The boat captain shall report pre-launch inspections and preparations to the captain, and launch only after approval.
5. 确认下方无障碍物后，打开吊艇架保险，利用手动操作慢慢松开刹车，控制好下滑速度。After confirming no obstacles below, unlock the davit, slowly release the brake manually, and control the sliding speed.
6. 放艇过程中应防止艇和大船碰撞。若不能同时脱钩，应先脱后钩，再脱前钩。吊艇时，先挂前钩，后挂后钩，注意吊索下滑及脱钩后晃荡伤人，解脱艇钩前应先启动救生艇发动机并使艇缆吃力。Prevent collision during launch. If hooks cannot be released simultaneously, release the rear hook first, then the front hook. When hoisting, hook the front hook first, then the rear hook. Beware of wire slippage and swinging hooks after release; start the engine and tension the cable before unhooking.
7. 航行中放艇时，船长应在停车后余速不大时下令放艇下水，尽量放下风舷的艇。When launching during navigation, the captain shall order launch after stopping the engine with low residual speed, preferably lowering the leeward side boat.
8. 收艇时要注意船体倾斜及海上风浪情况，收艇后检查各制动装置是否牢固。Pay attention to ship heel and sea conditions when recovering the boat; check the fastness of all braking devices after recovery.
9. 使用救生艇后，应将艇号、使用原因及时间详细记入航海日记中。After using the lifeboat, record the boat number, reason for use, and time in detail in the nautical log.