GLOSSARY  术语

1.集合点：当发出相应的警报或发布通告后，船员和旅客必须按照应变集合部署表集中到指定的甲板上、餐厅里等地点。

Assembly station：Place on deck, in mess rooms,etc., assigned to crew and passengers where they have to meet according to the muster list when the corresponding alarm is released or announcement made

2.舷梯：连在船侧平台上的梯子，有平踏板和扶手，使人们能够从水上或岸上上下船。

Accommodation ladder：Ladder attached to platform at vessel' s side with flat steps and handrails enabling persons to embark/disembark from water or shore

3.漂移：在海流、潮流或风力的影响下不受控制地在海上移动。

Adrift：Uncontrolled movement at sea under the influ-ence of current, tide or wind

4.水面高度：从船舶的水线到其最高点的高度。

Air draft：The height from the waterline to the highest point of the vessel

5.弃船：遇险之后船员和旅客撤离船舶。

Abandon vessel(to)：To evacuate crew and passengers from a vesselfollowing a distress

6.风向逆转：风向按逆时针方向而变化，例如：从北到西。（风向顺转的反义词）。

Backing(of wind)：Shift of wind direction in an anticlockwise manner, for example from north to west(opposite of veering)

7.抢滩：驾驶船舶驶上浅滩，以防止沉入深水中。

Beach(to)：To run a vessel up on a beach to prevent its sinking in deep water

8.泊位：在船舶、礁石、平台等周围为安全而保留的水域等；②为船舶锚泊或靠泊码头等而指定的地点。

Berth：A sea room to be kept for safety around avessel,rock,platform,etc. ②The place assigned to a vessel when an-chored or lying alongside a pier, etc.

9.号笛声：船舶汽笛发出的声号。

Blast：A whistle signal made by the vessel

10.盲区：由于受上层建筑、桅杆等部分的遮蔽而船舶雷达扫描到的区域。

Blind sector：An area which cannot be scanned by the ship's radar because it is shielded by parts of the su.perstructure,masts,etc.

11.登轮设施：像引航梯、舷梯、升降机等为安全接送引航员所必需的所有设备。

Boarding arrangements：All equipment,such as pilot ladder, accmmodation ladder, hoist, etc., necessary for a safe transfer of the pilot

12.登轮船速：为使引航员安全登/离船而调整船舶与引航艇相一致的速度

Boarding speed：The speed of a vessel adjusted to that of a pilot boat at which the pilot can safely embark/disembark

13.平舱机：散货船舱内用于使散货均匀分布的带有推板的小型履带机。

Bob-cat：A mini - caterpillar with push - blade used for the careful distribution of loose goods in cargo holds of bulk carriers

14.简介：对船员和/或旅客发布的简明的解释信息。

Briefing：Concise explanatory information to crew and/or passengers

15.链：①连接船舶至锚的链条。②泊船时最初使用的缆或绳③（度量时），一百拓或十分之一海里。

Cable：①Chain connecting a vessel to the anchor(s) ② Wire or rope primarily used for mooring a ship③(Measurement) one hundred fathoms or onetenth of a nautical mile

16.倾覆：翻倒

Capsize(to)：To tumn over

17.方位浮标：海上标志，即浮标，标明在其东、南、西、北方位有诸如沉船、浅滩、沙洲等的方位点。

Cardinal buoy：A seamark, i. e. a buoy, indicating the north,east, south or west, i.e. the cardinal points from a fixed point such as a wreck, shallow water,banks,etc.

18.基点（罗经点）：罗经的四个主点：东、西、南和北。

Cardinal points：The four main points of the compass : north,

east,south and west

19.伤亡：此处指在事故中或船舶灾难中，造成人员死亡的情况。

Casualty：Here: case of death in an accident or shipping disaster

20.检查，抑制：①查实设备等处于良好状态或一切均正常和安全。②当链、绳或缆松出过快时调节其速度。

Check（to)：.①To make sure that equipment etc. is in proper condition or that everything is correct and safe②To regulate motion of a cable, rope or wire when it is running out too fast

21紧耦拖带：船舶通过极地冰区的拖带方法，使被拖船的船首与破冰船的特殊尾槽相接。

Close - coupled towing：A method of towing vessels through polar ice by means of icebreaking tugs with a special stem notch suited to receive and hold the bow of the vessel to be towed

22.接近：通过增加本船的船速减少与前船的距离。

Close up（to)：To decrease the distance to the vessel ahead by increasing one's own speed

23.（货物）相容性：指明不同货物能否安全存放在同一个舱内或相邻舱内的性质。

Compatibility(of goods)：Indicates whether different goods can be safely stowed together in one cargo space or in an adjacent hold.

24.限于吃水的船舶：由于船舶吃水与可航水域的水深和宽度的关系，使其偏离航向的能力严重地受到限制的船舶。

Vessel constrained by her draft：A vessel severely restricted by her draft in her ability to deviate from the course followed in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water

25.编队航行：两艘或两艘以上的船舶编排在一起航行，例如通过运河或冰区的船队。

Convoy：A group of vessels which sail together, e. g.through a canal or ice

26.航向：船舶对水中运动的预定方向。

Course：The intended direction of movement of a vessel

through the water

27.推算航迹向：考虑洋流、潮流的影响以及风、浪产生的风流压差，船舶相对地面的推算航向。

Course made good：That course which a vessel makes good over ground, after allowing for the effect of currents,tidal streams, and leeway caused by wind and sea

28.原油洗舱：当卸原油时使用货油清洗油舱的系统。

COW：COW 系Crude OilWashing的缩写。Crude Oil Washing: A system of cleaning the cargo tanks by washing them with the cargo of crude oil during discharge

29.最近会遇点/最近会遇时间：观测者所设定会遇时两船最近距离/抵达最近距离所需时间的界限，当被跟踪物标进入该界限时会发出警告。

CPA/TCPA：Closest Point of Approach/Time to Closest Point of Approach limit as defined by the observer to give warning when a tracked target or targets will close to within these limits

30.紧急停车：用主机紧急倒车以避免碰撞。

Crash- stop：An emergency reversal operation of the main engine(s) to avoid a collision

31.破损控制队：船舶上经过堵漏抢险训练的船员小组。

Damage control team：A group of crew members trained for fighting flooding in the vessel

32.基准（面，点）：①在给定时间被拽寻物标的最或然位置。②作为海图上所有水深数据参照的基面。

Datum：①The most probable position of a search target at a given time②The plane of reference to which all data as to the depth on charts are referenced.

33.遗弃船：被抛弃在海上、尚在漂浮的船舶。

Derelict：Vessel still afloat, abandoned at sea

34.目的港：船舶驶往的港口。

Destination：Port for which a vessel is boun

35.丧失航行能力：船舶遭受损坏或损害以致不能继续航行。

Disabled：A vessel damaged or impaired in such a manner as to be incapable of proceeding on its voyage

36.离船：离开船舶。

Disembark(to)：To go from a vessel

37.遇险警报：从遇难船自动向海上救助协调中心（MRCC)发出无线电信号，报告船舶的位置、标识、航向和速度，以及遇险的性质。

Distress alert(GMDSS)：A radio signal from a distressed vessel automatically directed to an MRCC giving position, identification,course and speed of the vessel as well as the nature of distress

38.遇险/紧急通信：这里在ITU无线电规则有关规定进行船对岸和/或船对船/飞机的遇险/紧急情况的无线电口语信息交流。

Distress/Urgency traffic：Here: the verbal exchange of information on radio from ship to shore and/or ship to ship/air craft about a distress/urgency situation as defined in the relevant ITU Radio Regulations

39.吃水：船舶漂浮时浸入水中的深度。

Draught(or draft)：Depth in water at which a vessel floats

39.走锚：由于锚非自主地在海底移动而不再能制止船舶的运动。

Dragging(of anchor)：Moving of an anchor over the sea bottom involuntarily because it is no longer preventing the movement of the vessel

40.拖锚：有意在海底拖锚移动，以控制船舶的运动。

Dredging(of anchor)：Moving of an anchor over the sea bottom to control the movement of the vessel

41.漂流：由于风、潮流和海流引起的漂移。

Drifting：Being driven along by the wind, tide or current

42.增距：通过降低自己的船速而增加与前船舶的距离。

Drop back(to)：To increase the distance from the vessel ahead

by reducing one's own speed

43.数字选择性呼叫：（GMDSS系统中的）数字选择性呼叫

DSC：Digital Selective Calling (in the GMDSS sys-tem)

44.登船：登上船舶。

Embark(to)：To go aboard a vessel

45.应急示位标：无线电应急示位标。

EPIRB：Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon

46.紧急通道：船上清楚标示出的用于紧急情况的通路。

Escape route：A clearly marked way in the vessel which has to be followed in case of an emergency

47.护航：在有需要时由破冰船、拖轮等，护卫某一船舶。

Escort：Attending a vessel to be available in case of need,e.g.ice -breaker,tug,etc.

48.预计到达时间：预计船舶到达的时间。

ETA：Estimated Time of Arrival

49.预计开航时间：预计船舶离开的时间。

ETD：Estimated Time of Departure

50.拓：6英尺的度量单位。

Fathom：A measure of 6 feet

51.消防巡逻：值班船员每隔一定时间对全船进行巡逻，以便及时发现火灾；载客超过36人的船舶需强制执行。

Fire patrol：A member of the watch going around the vessel at certain intervals so that an outbreak of fire may be promptly detected; mandatory in vessels carrying more than 36 passengers

52.进水：海水不受控制地大量涌入船舶。

Flooding：Major uncontrolled flow of seawater into thevessel

53.泡沫喷射器：用于向油舱甲板、总管等处喷射固定式泡沫/干粉/水等灭火剂的喷射器。

Fire monitor：Fixed foam/powder/water cannon shooting fire- extinguishing agents on tank deck, manifold etc.

54.缠锚：锚被自身锚链或被某一障碍物缠绕。

Foul(of anchor)：A line, wire, net, etc. is wound round the pro-peller

55.缠螺旋桨：缆绳、钢缆、网等缠绕到螺旋桨上。

Foul(of propeller)：Anchor has its own cable twisted around it or has fouled an obstruction

56.全速：船舶可能达到的最高速度。

Full speed：Highest possible speed of a vessel

57.烟（气）：由火、化学品和燃油等产生的、通常是有害的气体。

Fumes：Often harmful gas produced by fires, chemi-cals, fuel, etc.

58.综合警报：船舶声响系统发出的七短一长的声号。

General emergency alarm：A sound signal of seven short blasts and one prolonged blast given with the vessel' s sound system

59.让路：为他船让路。

Give way：To keep out of the way of another vessel

60.全球海上遇险安全系统：全球海上遇险安全系统。

GMDSS：Global Maritime Distress and Safety System

61.（差分）全球定位系统：（差分）全球（卫星）定位系统。

(D)GPS：(Differential)Global(satellite)Positioning System

62.隅点：等分基点的四个主点：东北、东南、西南和西北。

Half cardinal points：The four main points lying between the cardinal points: north east, south east, south west and north west

63.操纵能力受到限制的船：由于其工作性质而使操纵能力受到限制的船。

Hampered vessel：A vessel restricted by her ability to manoeuvre by the nature of her work

64.舱口围栏：为防止人员坠入开敞着的货舱而在其四周设置用支柱支撑的绳索。

Hatchrails：Ropes supported by stanchions around an open hatch to prevent persons from falling into a hold

65.首向：瞬间测得的船首水平方向，从真北按顺时针用度数表示。

Heading：The horizontal direction of the vessel's bows at a given moment measured in degrees clockwise from north

66.吊索：这里指在直升机进行起吊作业时用于吊起或降下人员的绳索。

Hoist：Here:a cable used by helicopters for lifting orlowering persons in a pick - up operation

67.结冰：物体譬如桅杆或上层建筑上所冰覆盖的冰。

Icing：Coating of ice on an object, e. g. the mast or superstructure of a vessel

68.IMO危险品类别：海上运输的危险货物、有害物质或污染物质按照《国际海上危险货物运输规则》（IMDGCode）进行的分类。

IMO Class：Group of dangerous or hazardous goods, harmful substances or marine pollutants in sea transport as classified in the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code(IMDG Code)

68.惰化：用惰性气体减少油舱内的氧气含量，以避免发生爆炸。

Inert（to)：To reduce the oxygen in a tank by inert gas to avoid an explosive atmosphere

69.初始航向：在搜索开始时由现场指挥（0SC）或经授权的人员指示的驾驶航向。

Initial course：Course directed by the OSC or other authorized person to be steered at the beginning of a search

70.无效：没有起作用

Inoperative:Not functioning