GLOSSARY  术语续上

71.抛弃货物：在紧急情况下为减轻船重或提高稳性将船上货物抛弃。

Jettison(to)(of cargo)：To throw goods overboard in order to lighten the vessel or improve its stability in case of an emergency

72.放艇：放下，譬如将救生艇放入水中。

Launch(to)：To lower, e.g. lifeboats to the water

73.泄漏：像水、油等液体从管道、锅炉、油水舱里渗漏出或由于船壳损坏而造成少量的海水流入船舶。

Leaking：Escape of liquids such as water, oil, etc.,out of pipes, boilers, tanks, etc.,or a minor inflow of seawater into the vessel due to damage to the hull

74.下风：在或向船舶遮蔽的一侧；与上风相反。

Leeward：On or towards the sheltered side of a ship; op-posite of windward

75.偏航：船舶向其预期航向下风侧运动。

Leeway：Vessel's sideways drift leeward of the desiredcourse

76.解掉、抛下：（将锚、缆绳等）解掉、松开或抛下。

Let go(to)：To set free, let loose, or cast off (of anchors,lines,etc.)

77.救生艇站：船员和旅客在登上救生艇前集合的指定地点。

Lifeboat station：Place assigned to crew and passengers to muster before being ordered into the lifeboats

78.横倾：此处指船舶向左舷或右舷倾斜。

List：Here: inclination of the vessel to port side or starboard side

79.（位置的）确定：在航行警告中：物标位置已被确认。

Located：In navigational wamings: Position of object con-firmed

80.进水：船舶由于船壳损坏或舱口受海浪冲击及未关妥而造成海水涌入。

Make water(to)：To have seawater flowing into the vessel due to hull damage, or hatches awash and not properly closed

81.应变部署表：列明在遇险或演习中船员、旅客和其他在船人员名单和职责的表。

Muster list：List of crew, passengers and others on board and their functions in a distress or drill

82.水上移动装置识别码：海上移动装置识别号码。

MMSI：Maritime Mobile Service Identity number

83.停泊：船舶利用钢丝绳或缆绳系岸、锚泊、系浮筒或抛双锚，停泊在某一地点。

Moor(to)：To secure a vessel in a particular place by means of wires or ropes made fast to the shore,to anchors, or to anchored mooring buoys, or to ride with both anchors down

84.失控：在特殊情况下的船舶不能根据国际海上避碰规则(Intemational Regulations for Preventing Collisions at sea,COLREGs）的要求进行操纵。

Not under command：（NUC系Not under command的缩写）(abbr. NUC): a vessel which through exceptional circumstances is unable to manoeuvre as required by the COLREGs

85.海上救协调中心：在某一拽救区域内负责推进有效的海上搜救组织工作和协调指挥搜救行动的陆上管理当局。

MRCC：MRCC 系 Maritime Rescue Co - ordination Centre的缩写。Maritime Rescue Co - ordination Centre: land- based authority responsible for promoting efficient organization of maritime search and res-cue and for co - ordinating the conduct of search and rescue operations within a search and rescue region

86.集合：为检查而集中船员、旅客或两者于某一特定地点。

Muster(to)：To assemble crew, passengers or both in a special place for purposes of checking

86.碍航物：像沉船、渔网等阻塞航道、航路等的物体。

Obstruction：An object such as a wreck, net, etc., which blocks a fairway,route,etc.

87.停播：无线电台等发生故障、关闭或暂停发射。

Off air：When the transmissions of a radio station etc.,have broken down, been switched off or suspended

88.（浮标）移位：不在图示的位置上。

Off station(of buoys)：Not in charted position

89.清除油污：清除水面上的油污的作业。

Oil clearance：Oil skimming from the surface of the water

90.可操作的、可用的：已准备就绪马上可以使用。

Operational：Ready for immediate use

91.军事演习：海军的射击演习。

Ordnance exercise：Naval firing practice

91.现场协调指挥官：在指定区域内被指定为协调搜救作业的协调官。

OSC:OSC系On-Scene Co-ordinator的缩写。On Scene Co - ordinator: a person designed to co -ordinate search and rescue operations within a specified area

92.溢流:因热膨胀、船舶纵倾变化或船舶运动双重作用而造成舱内油或液体的外溢。

Overflow:Escape of oil or liquid from a tank because of a twofold condition as a result of overflowing,thermal expansion, change in vessel trim or vessel movement

93.污染船:向空气中散发的有害物质或向海洋中溢油的船舶。

Polluter:A vessel emitting harmful substances into theair or spilling oil into the sea

94.止动索:为防止货物装卸时吊杆摆动而系结在吊杆上的绳或钢索。

Preventers:Ropes or wires attached to derricks to prevent them from swinging during cargo handling oper ations

95.驶向:驶往或朝着某一确定位置航行或继续其航程。

Proceed（to)：To sail or head for a certain position or to continue with the voyage

96.公共广播系统：通过安装在船舶舱室、餐厅等处及甲板上的扬声器，广播中心，通常设在驾驶台，可以发布重要信息。

PA-system：PA-system 系Public address system的缩写。Public address system: loudspeakers in the vessel's cabins, mess rooms, etc., and on deck through which important information can be broadcast from a central point, mostly from the navigation bridge

97.救起：此处指救回失事船舶人员。

Recover(to)：Here:to pick up shipwrecked persons

98.脱浅、重新起浮：使船舶在搁浅后脱浅；重新浮起。

Refloat(to)：To pull a vessel off after grounding; to set afloat again

99.会合：船舶之间通常使用无线电约定在某一确定的区域或位置交会。

Rendez-vous：An appointment between vessels normally made on radio to meet in a certain area or position

100.据报：在航行警告中，指的是物标位置未被确认。

Reported：In navigational warnings : position of object unconfirmed

101.受限区域：出于安全原因只允许经授权的船员才可进入的船舶甲板、舱室或区域等。

Restricted area：A deck, space,area, etc.,in vessels where, forsafety reasons, entry is only permitted for authorized crew members

102.恢复：此处指的是重新开始航行、工作或拽寻。

Resume（to)：Here:to re - start a voyage, service or search

103撤退信号：为了让小组返回基地而发出的声音、视觉或其他信号。

Retreat signal：Sound, visual or other signal to a team ordering it to retum to its base

104.钻井架的移动：钻井架、钻井平台等从一个位置移至另位置。

Rig move：The movement of an oil rig, drilling platform,etc.,from one position to another

105.点名：譬如在集合地点通过大声朗读名单以检查旅客和船员实到人数与姓名的行动。

Roll call：The act of checking how many the passengers and crew memebers are present, e. g. at assembly stations, by reading aloud a list of their names

106.安全航速：使船舶获得最大许可的时间以采取有效行动来进行避碰，并在合适的距离内将船停住的速度。

Safe speed：That speed of a vessel allowing time for effective action to be taken under prevailing circumstances and conditions to avoid a collision and to be stopped within an appropriate distance

107.安全工作负荷：起吊设备的最大允许工作负荷。

SWL：SWL系Safe working load的缩写。Safe working load: maximum working load of lifting equipment that should not be exceeded

108.安全工作压力：输送货物软管内的最大允许压力。

Safe working pressure：The maximum permissible pressure in cargo hoses

109.搜救：搜寻与救助。SAR 系Search and Rescue的缩写。

SAR：Search and Rescue

110.搜救应答器：拽救时使用的无线电应答器。Search and Transponder的缩写。

SART：Search and Rescue Transponder

111.现场：事件譬如事故发生的地点或区域。

Scene：The area or location where the event, e. g. an accident has happened

112.拽寻方式：船舶和/或飞机进行协调搜寻的预定方式（IMO搜救手册提供7种拽寻方式）。

Search pattem：A pattem according to which vessels and/or aircraft may conduct a co - ordinated search(the IMOSAR offers seven search patterns)

113.搜寻航速：由0SC（现场协调指挥官）向搜救船舶指示的速度。

Search speed：The speed of searching vessels directed by the OSC

114.海上标志：作为航标或警告性标志而设置的助航设施。

Seamark：A navigational aid placed to act as a beacon or waming

115.（货物）隔票：由于各种原因而必须使货物分隔，不得积载在一起的做法。

Segregation(of goods)：Separation of goods which for different reasons must not be stowed together

116.卸扣：①15拓的锚链长度，②用于连接的带有销子的U形环。

Shackle：① Length of chain cable measuring 15 fathoms ② U- shaped link closed with a pin used for connecting purposes

117.货物横移：由于横摇或严重横倾引起的货物特别是散装货的横向移动。

Shifting cargo：Transverse movement of cargo, especially bulk cargo, caused by rolling or a heavy list

118.吊具：用于装卸杂货的绳索、网兜或其他工具。

Slings：Ropes, nets, and any other means for handling general cargoes

119.进速：风暴中心的移动速度。

Speed of advance：The speed at which a storm centre moves

120.溢油：油等意外地从船舶、容器等溢入海中。

Spill：The accidental escape of oil, etc., from a vessel, container,etc.,into the sea

121.泄漏控制装置：为了处置油或化学品意外溢出的防污染设备。

Spill control gear：Anti - pollution equipment for combating accidental spills of oils or chemicals

122.加长踏板：此处指为防止引航员梯子翻转而加长的踏板。

Elongated spreader：Here: step of a pilot ladder which prevents the ladder from twisting

123.准备：准备就绪或准备执行命令。

Stand by(to)：To be in readiness or prepared to execute an order; to be readily available

124.避开：此处指使小船离开大船。

Stand clear(to)：Here: to keep a boat away from the vessel

125.常规命令：船长给值班驾驶员并让他们必须遵从的命令。

Standing orders：Orders of the Master to the officer of the watch

126.直航：保持航向和速度。

Stand on(to)：To maintain course and speed

127.站；岗位：指定的地点或船上每位人员的职责。

Station：The allotted place or the duties of each person on board

128.扫舱：最后泵出油舱残渣的作业。

Stripping：Final pumping of tank's residues

129.幸存者：不幸遇到非常危险的情况譬如船舶灾难等仍然活着的人员。

Survivor：A person who continues to live in spite of being in an extremely dangerous situation, e. g.a shipping disaster.

130.起飞：（直升机）从船舶甲板上升空。

Take off(to)：To lift off from a vessel's deck (helicopter)

131.目标：在雷达荧光屏上由船舶等产生的回波。

Target：The echo generated, e. g. by a vessel, on a radar screen

132.自动绞缆机：用于对系泊缆绳施加拉力使其保持拉紧的绞缆机。

Tension winch：A winch which applies tension to mooring lines to keep them tight

133.标准集装箱：20英尺（标准集装箱尺寸）集装箱。

TEU：TEU Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit(standard contain.er dimension)

134.航迹：已经走过的，或者将走过的两个位置之间的轨迹。

Track：The path followed, or to be followed, between one position and another

135.通过，穿越：此处指船舶通过运河、航道等。

Transit：Here:the passage of a vessel through a canal,fairway, etc.

136.通过（穿越）速度：船舶通过运河、航道等所要求的速度。

Transit speed：Speed of a vessel required for passage through a canal,fairway,etc.

137.（货物）转运：此处指在港外将货物从一艘船转运到另外一艘船。

Transhipment(of cargo)：Here: the transfer of goods from one vessel to another outside harbours

138.在航：船舶不在抛锚，系岸，或搁浅之状态。

Underway：Describes a vessel which is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground

139.联杆作业：使用两根吊杆的货物装卸法，一根吊杆固定在货舱上方，另一根伸出舷外。

Union purchase：A method of cargo handling by combining two derricks, one of which is fixed over the hatch,the other over the ship's side

140.熄灭：灯浮或灯塔不发光。

Unlit：When the light of a buoy or a lighthouse are inoperative

141.协调世界时：协调世界时(GMT)。

UTC：Universal Time Co-or-dinated(GMT)

142.不定（风向）：风速和风向一直在变化。

Variable(of winds)：A wind that is constantly changing speed and direction

143.风向顺转：风向按顺时针方向而变化；是风向逆转的反义词。

Veering(of winds)：Clockwise change in the direction of the wind;

opposite of backing

144.（锚)松出：抛出更长的锚链。

Veer out(to)(of an-chors)：To let out a greater length of cable

145.松出（倒出）锚链：用锚机将锚倒出锚链筒，做好抛锚准备。

Walk out (to)(of anchors)：To reverse the action of a windlass to lower the anchor until it is clear of the hawse pipe and ready for dropping

146.甚高频：甚高频(30~300MHz）无线电波。

VHF：Very High Frequency(30~300MHz)

147.倒出锚链：用锚机倒出锚链。

Walk back (to)(of anchors)：To reverse the action of a windlass to ease the cable (of anchors)

148.航路点：船舶根据航行计划必须通过或转向的地点。

Waypoint：A position a vessel has to pass or at which she has to alter course according to her voyage plan

149.上风：风吹来的大体风向；即与下风相反的方向。

Windward：The general direction from which the wind blows; opposite of leeward

150.沉船：在海上被毁坏、沉没或被遗弃的船。

Wreck：A vessel which has been destroyed, sunk or a.bandoned at sea

151.航道：水道的可航部分。

Fairway：Navigable part of a waterway

152.航道速度：航道中强制规定的航速。

Fairway speed：Mandatory speed in a fairway

153.沿岸通航带IIZ：通航分道制中向陆地一侧的边界线与相邻海岸间的供航行的指定水域。

Inshore Tr