事 故 案 例01

事故类型

What the type of casualty

非常严重的海事事故：在加注重油期间，约300升重油从油舱透气帽溢出到甲板上。

Very serious casualty : During bunkering Heavy Fuel Oil, approximately 300 litres of HFO spilled on deck from a bunker tank vent head.

02

事故原因

Why did it happen

1. 根本原因是没有严格遵守公司加油程序。 

The Root Cause of the incident was a lack of compliance with the company bunkering procedures. 

2. 油舱电动气动测量系统连接了机舱警报监控主系统，轮机长决定仅使用电动气动测量系统，通过机舱警报主系统监控油舱液位和燃油含量。 

The bunker tank electro-pneumatic gauging system is connected to the main Engine Room Alarm Monitoring System (AMS). The Chief Engineer decided to only use the electro-pneumatic gauging system, monitoring the tank level and fuel content by the AMS system. 

3. 当轮机长认为油舱如电动气动测量表显示已装至50%的时候，他指示二管轮在集控室执行电动气动测量表的清洁净化，之后开始手动测深。当清洁净化完成后，测量表的读数立即发生了变化，几分钟之内包括独立的高位警报在内的警报都被启动，舱内燃油也通过透气帽溢出到了甲板上。 

When the Chief Engineer believed the tank was 50% full, as indicated by the electro-pneumatic gauge, he instructed the 3rd Engineer to perform purging of the electro-pneumatic gauges in the ECR and then commence manual soundings. When the gauge was purged the reading immediately changed and within a few minutes the alarms activated, including the independent HIGH HIGH alarm, and the tank overflowed via the vent head onto the deck.

03

事故后果

Consequences of the incident 

1. 加油操作被延误5小时。

There was a delay in the bunkering operation of 5 hours;

2. 美国海岸警卫队因船员不熟悉公司加油程序而出具了港口国监管缺陷。

A Port State Control deficiency was issued by the USCG regarding crew unfamiliarity with the company transfer procedures;

3. 公司极有可能会因为油污溢出舷外而遭到巨额罚款。

There was serious potential for a spill over-side with severe financial penalties for the company.

04

事故启示

What can we learn

1. 电动气动测量表的精确性没有进行规律性的交叉检查，一旦此远程测量系统失效，加之未执行手动测量程序，对加油操作的监管彻底缺位。

The accuracy of the electro-pneumatic gauge was not regularly cross checked during the operation, and once the remote gauge failed proper control of the bunkering operation was lost since manual gauging was not performed.

2. 在加油过程中测量舱内液位时，轮机长不应只依靠一种测量方式。

When measuring tanks during bunkering operations Chief Engineers shall not rely on a single gauge reading.

3. 通过气冲方式对气动测量系统的清洁净化应在加油之前和规律性的在加油过程中完成。

Purge pneumatic gauging systems with air prior to each bunkering and regularly during the operation.

4.在加油过程中始终要将远程测量系统与手动测深交叉检验，按加油操作规程保证测量系统的精确性。

Always cross check remote gauging systems with manual soundings during bunkering operations to ensure accuracy of gauges as required by the bunkering procedure.

船舶供受油安全注意事项

01
作业前准备充分

1. 提前将作业时间、作业地点、船舶名称等详细计划信息向海事管理机构报告。

2. 检查管路、阀门，堵塞甲板排水孔，关闭相关通海阀门，关闭油气可能扩散进入处所的门、窗。

3.双方填写、检查《安全检查确认表》各项内容，并双方签字确认。

4. 在作业区设置醒目“禁止烟火”告示牌，做好防火布置。

5. 检查作业所使用的相关设备，确保处于良好状态。

6. 提前备妥溢油应急设备和器材，确保相关设备随时可用。

7. 供受油双方以受方为主商定联系信号，双方均应切实执行。

8. 提前了解气象海况信息，如遇雷暴大风天气等恶劣海况，禁止进行供受油作业。

02
作业中加强监控

1. 安排足够船员值班，当班人员坚守岗位，严格执行操作规程，掌握作业进度，防止跑油、漏油。

2. 按规定显示危险作业信号，白天悬挂“B”字旗，夜间显示红色环照灯和锚灯。

3. 作业现场严禁烟火。

4. 值班人员加强巡逻巡视，查看管路，检测应急设备，确保能够及时发现溢油情况并采取行动。

5. 夜间作业建议增加值班人员及巡检频次，重复确认船-船界面安全检查项目，保持高度紧张状态，严格监控作业全流程。

03
作业后谨慎操作

1. 有效关闭所有阀门，封闭加油口。

2. 收解输油软管时，必须事先用盲板将软管有效封闭，或者采取其他有效措施，防止软管存油倒流入海。

3. 及时清理甲板残油。

切记：一旦发生污染事故，不能心存侥幸，应当立即启动相应的应急预案，采取措施控制和消除污染，并就近向有关海事管理机构报告。