《国际海上避碰规则》（1972年）

Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (1972)

 Rule 04 :Application The rules apply in any condition of visibility (e.g.,in sight or in restricted visibility).

规则04：适用本规则适用于任何能见度条件（例如在视线范围内或能见度有限的情况下）。

 Rule 05:Look-out Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.

规则05：瞭望每艘船舶应在任何时候以视觉和听觉以及在当时情况和条件下适当的一切可用手段保持适当的瞭望，以便对情况和碰撞危险作出充分的评估

 Rule 06 : Safe speed Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions. 

规则06：安全航速每艘船舶在任何时候都应以安全航速前进，以便采取适当和有效的避碰行动，并在与当时情况和条件相称的距离内停船。

Rule 07 : Risk of Collision Vessels must use all available means to determine the risk of a collision , including the use of radar (if available) to get early warning of the risk of collision by radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects.（e.g. ARPA, AIS). If the distance of any vessel is reducing and her compass bearing is not changing much or it is a large vessel or towing vessel at close distance, or if there is any doubt, then a risk of collision shall be deemed to exist. 

规则07：碰撞危险船舶必须使用一切可用的手段来确定碰撞危险，包括使用雷达（如果有的话），通过雷达标绘或对探测到的物体进行等效的系统观测来获得碰撞危险的预警。ARPA，AIS。如果任何船只的距离在减小，而其罗经方位变化不大，或者是一艘大型船只或拖船在近距离航行，或者有任何疑问，则应视为存在碰撞危险。

Rule 08 :Action to avoid collision Actions taken to avoid collision should be: 

•Safe (positive)positive 

·Obvious（substantial)

 •Made in good time (early)

规则08：避免碰撞的行动避免碰撞的行动应当是：安全的（积极的）

明显的（实质性的）

及时的（早期的）

Rule 09 :Narrow channels 

•A vessel proceeding along a narrow channel must keep to starboard . 

• Small vessels or sailing vessels must not impede (larger) vessels which can navigate only within a narrow channel. 

·Ships must not cross a channel if to do so would impede another vessel which can navigate only within that channel.

规则09：狭窄航道·沿狭窄航道前进的船只必须保持右舷。小船或帆船不得妨碍只能在狭窄航道内航行的（较大）船只。船舶不得穿越航道，如果这样做会妨碍只能在该航道内航行的另一艘船舶。

 Rule 10 :Traffic Separation Schemes Ships must cross traffic lanes steering a course "as nearly as practicable" at right angles to the direction of traffic. This reduces confusion and enables that vessel to cross the lane as quickly as possible. Vessel entering a traffic separation scheme should do it at an angle as small as practicable. A traffic separation scheme does not relieve any vessel from complying with other rules. 

第10条：分道通航制船舶必须在“尽可能可行的情况下”以与交通方向成直角的方式穿越航道。这减少了混乱，使船只能够尽快穿越航道。进入分道通航制的船舶应以尽可能小的角度进入分道通航制。分道通航制并不免除任何船舶遵守其他规则的义务。

Rule 12 :Sailing vessels Two sailing vessels approaching one another must give-way as follows:

 · Port gives way to Starboard . When each has the wind on a different side, the vessel which has the wind to port must give way; 

• Windward gives way to leeward . When both have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is windward must give way to the vessel which is leeward;

 ·Unsure port gives way. If a vessel, with the wind on the port side, sees a vessel to windward and cannot determine whether the other vessel has the wind on the port or the starboard side, they must give way.

第12条：帆船两艘互相靠近的帆船必须让路如下：

·左舷向右舷让路。当两边都有风向时，向左舷有风向的船必须让路；

·迎风向背风。如果一艘船在左舷有风的情况下，看到一艘船迎风，而不能确定另一艘船是左舷有风还是右舷有风，就必须让路。

Rule 13:Overtaking An overtaking vessel must keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken "Overtaking" means approaching another vessel at more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam, i.e., so that at night, the overtaking vessel would see only the stern light and neither of the sidelights of the vessel being overtaken.

第13条：超越被超越船只必须避开被超越船只的道路“超越”是指在其光束后超过22.5度的位置接近另一艘船，即在夜间，被超越船只只能看到尾部灯光，而看不到被超越船只的侧灯。第14条：迎面情况当两艘动力船只迎面相遇时，两艘船只都必须向右舷改变航向，以便从另一艘的左舷通过。“on”是指看到另一艘船在前方或几乎在前方，以致夜间其艏部灯光实际上或几乎排成一行，并/或同时看到其侧灯，或白天看到其相似的侧面。规则15：交叉情况当两艘动力船交叉时，另一艘在右舷的船必须让路，避免在其前方交叉右舷红色出现时，“你有责任保持畅通”

 Rule 14 :Head-on situations When two power-driven vessels are meeting head-on both must alter course to starboard so that they pass on the port side of the other. "Head- on" means seeing the other vessel ahead or nearly ahead so that by night her masthead lights are actually or nearly lined up and/or seeing both her sidelights, or by day seeing a similar aspect of her. 

规则14：迎面情况当两艘动力船只迎面相遇时，两艘船只都必须向右舷改变航向，以便从另一艘的左舷通过。“on”是指看到另一艘船在前方或几乎在前方，以致夜间其艏部灯光实际上或几乎排成一行，并/或同时看到其侧灯，或白天看到其相似的侧面。

Rule 15:Crossing situations When two power-driven vessels are crossing, the vessel which has the other on the starboard side must give way and avoid crossing ahead of her. The saying is "If to starboard red appear, 'It is your duty to keep clear"' 

规则15：交叉情况当两艘动力船交叉时，另一艘在右舷的船必须让路，避免在其前方交叉右舷红色出现时，“你有责任保持畅通”

Rule 16: The give-way vessel The give-way vessel must take early and substantial action to keep well clear. 

规则16.让路船让路船必须及早采取实质性行动，保持畅通。

Rule 17 :The stand-on vessel The stand-on vessel shall maintain her course and speed, but she may take action to avoid collision if it becomes clear that the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate action, or when so close that collision can no longer be avoided by the actions of the give- way vessel alone. In a crossing situation, the stand-on vessel should avoid turning to port even if the give- way vessel is not taking appropriate action. These options for the stand- on vessel do not relieve the give-way vessel of her obligations under the rules.

规则17：备用船舶备用船舶应保持航向和航速，但如果明显发现让路船舶未采取适当措施，或靠得太近，单靠让路船舶的措施已不能避免碰撞，备用船舶可采取措施避碰。在交叉情况下，备用船只应避免转向左舷，即使让渡船只没有采取适当行动。备用船舶的这些选择并不解除让路船舶根据本规则所承担的义务。

 Rule 18:Responsibilities between vessels Except in narrow channels,traffic separation schemes, and when overtaking (i.e., rules 9, 10, and 13) •A power-driven vessel must give way to: 

·a vessel not under command; , 

 ·a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver (this may include vessels towing one another);

 ·a vessel engaged in fishing ; 

·a sailing vessel. 。

A sailing vessel must give way to:

 ·a vessel not under command; 

· a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver;

 ·a vessel engaged in fishing 。

A vessel engaged in fishing when underway shall, so far as possible, keep out of the way of:

 · a vessel not under command;

 · a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver. ,

Any vessel other than a vessel not under command or a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre shall, if possible, not impede the safe passage of a vessel constrained by her draft , exhibiting the signals in Rule 28. Rule 28 says : to the lights described in here for power- driven vessels and exhibit where they can best be seen three all- round red lights in a vertical line, or a cylinder.

A vessel constrained by her draft shall navigate with particular caution having full regard to her special condition.

第18条：船舶之间的责任，但狭窄航道、分道通航制和超车除外（即第9、10和13条），

动力驱动船舶必须让位给不受指挥的船舶

·不受指挥的船舶；

·操纵能力受到限制的船舶（这可能包括相互拖曳的船舶）；

·从事渔业的船舶；

·航行的船舶。

航行船舶必须让位于：

·不受指挥的船舶；

·机动能力受到限制的船舶；

·从事捕捞的船舶在航行中，应尽可能避开：

·不受指挥的船舶；

·机动能力受到限制的船舶。

不受指挥的船舶或操纵能力受到限制的船舶以外的任何船舶，如有可能，不得妨碍受吃水限制、显示

规则28信号的船舶的安全通过。

第28条说：这里描述的动力驱动船只的灯光，在它们最容易被看到的地方，三个圆形红灯排成一条垂直线或圆柱形。受吃水限制的船舶应特别谨慎航行，并充分考虑其特殊情况。