船舶设备与设施

（一）锚泊及系泊设备

• 锚泊及系泊设备：anchoring and mooring equipment

• 锚：Anchor

• 锚链：anchor cable/anchor chain

• 锚链筒：hawse pipe

• 锚链舱：chain locker

• 锚链孔：cat hold

• 系泊设备：mooring arrangement

• 系缆柱：bit

• 导缆钳：chock

• 绞车：winch

• 锚机：windlass

• 艏侧推：bow thruster

（二）舱盖与相关部件

• 货舱盖：hatch cover

• 箱型舱盖：hatch pontoon

• 橡皮槽：rubber channel

（三）阀门与管道部件

• 海底阀箱：sea chest

• 海底塞：bottom plug

• 管子：pipe

• 管弄：pipe tunnel

（四）其他设备与设施

• 烟囱：Funnel

• 封板：Closing plate

• 防浪板：Wash plate

• 防磨板：Wearing plate

• 挡水板：Dash plate

• 折边：Flange

• 扶强材、加强筋：Stiffener

• 角钢：Angles

• 槽钢：Channels

• 球扁钢：bulb plate

• 扁钢：steel flat

• 工字钢：H-beam

• 浮船坞：floating dock

• 坞门：caisson

• 坞底：dock bottom

• 跳板：foot board

• 通风筒：ventilator

• 格栅：grating

• 油盘：oil pan

• 水沟（槽）：gutter water way

• 甲板排水孔：deck drain

• 实肋板人孔：manhole of solid floor

• 人孔：access hole

• 排水孔：drain hole/scupper

• 挡水板：scupper board

• 角孔：angle hole

• 小孔：orifice

• R 孔：scalloper

• 花（网）钢板：chequered plate

• 花铁板：floor plate

• 新钢板：new steel plate

• 镀锌板：galvanized steel plate

• 镀锌铁板：galvanized iron

• 配件：attachment

• 纵（接）缝：longitudinal seam

• 边（缘）：edge

• 开口边缘：eye edge

• 下陷 / 咬边：under cut

• 切割边（缘）：cutting edge

（一）锚泊及系泊设备

The anchoring and mooring equipment must undergo regular maintenance to ensure its reliability during berthing. 锚泊及系泊设备必须定期进行维护，以确保其在靠泊时的可靠性。High - strength materials are used in the manufacturing of anchors to withstand the strong pulling forces at sea. 锚采用高强度材料制造，以承受海上的强大拉力。The anchor chain is connected to the anchor at one end and to the windlass on the ship at the other. 锚链一端与锚相连，另一端与船上的锚机连接。The hawse pipe guides the anchor chain as it is lowered or raised from the ship. 锚链筒在锚链从船上放下或收起时起到导向作用。The chain locker is located in the forepart of the ship to store the anchor chain when it is not in use. 锚链舱位于船的前部，用于在锚链不使用时存放它。The cat hold is designed to prevent seawater from entering the ship through the anchor chain hole. 锚链孔的设计是为了防止海水通过锚链孔进入船内。The mooring arrangement includes various components such as bits and chocks to secure the ship to the dock. 系泊设备包括系缆柱和导缆钳等各种部件，用于将船固定在码头。The bit is usually installed on the deck of the ship to fasten the mooring lines. 系缆柱通常安装在船的甲板上，用于系紧缆绳。The chock helps to change the direction of the mooring line and reduce friction. 导缆钳有助于改变缆绳的方向并减少摩擦。The winch is powered by electricity and is used to pull in or let out the mooring lines efficiently. 绞车由电力驱动，用于高效地收放缆绳。The windlass is a key piece of equipment for lifting and lowering the anchor, with a high load - bearing capacity. 锚机是起锚和抛锚的关键设备，具有较高的承载能力。The bow thruster can help the ship turn in narrow water areas by generating lateral thrust. 艏侧推通过产生侧向推力，可帮助船舶在狭窄水域转向。Before leaving the port, the crew must check the anchoring and mooring equipment to ensure everything is in order. 离港前，船员必须检查锚泊及系泊设备，确保一切正常。The anchor chain's length should be selected according to the water depth at the berthing location. 锚链的长度应根据停靠地点的水深来选择。Rust on the anchor must be removed promptly to prevent it from affecting the anchor's performance. 锚上的锈迹必须及时清除，以防影响锚的性能。

（二）舱盖与相关部件

16. The hatch cover must be tightly closed during navigation to prevent seawater from entering the cargo hold. 航行时货舱盖必须紧闭，防止海水进入货舱。

17. The hatch pontoon is lightweight yet strong, making it easy to operate when opening or closing the hatch. 箱型舱盖重量轻但强度高，开合时操作方便。

18. The rubber channel around the hatch cover ensures a good seal, preventing water and dust from entering. 货舱盖周围的橡皮槽保证了良好的密封性，防止水和灰尘进入。

19. Regular inspection of the hatch cover's locking mechanism is necessary to avoid malfunctions. 定期检查货舱盖的锁紧机构是必要的，以防出现故障。

20. The hatch cover's surface is coated with anti - corrosion paint to extend its service life. 货舱盖表面涂有防腐漆，以延长其使用寿命。

（三）阀门与管道部件

21. The sea chest is equipped with a filter to prevent marine organisms and debris from entering the pipeline system. 海底阀箱装有过滤器，防止海洋生物和杂物进入管道系统。

22. The bottom plug is used to drain water from the pipeline when necessary for maintenance or repair. 海底塞用于在需要维护或修理时排出管道内的水。

23. The pipe is made of corrosion - resistant material to adapt to the harsh marine environment. 管子采用耐腐蚀材料制成，以适应恶劣的海洋环境。

24. The pipe tunnel provides a safe passage for personnel to inspect and maintain the pipelines. 管弄为人员检查和维护管道提供了安全通道。

25. Valves in the pipeline system can be remotely controlled to adjust the flow of fluids. 管道系统中的阀门可远程控制，以调节流体的流量。

（四）其他设备与设施

26. The funnel emits exhaust gases from the ship's engine, and its height is designed to avoid polluting the deck. 烟囱排放船舶发动机的废气，其高度设计为避免污染甲板。

27. The closing plate is used to seal the opening in the hull to maintain the ship's watertightness. 封板用于密封船体上的开口，以保持船舶的水密性。

28. The wash plate reduces the sloshing of liquid in the tank, improving the ship's stability. 防浪板减少了液舱内液体的晃动，提高了船舶的稳定性。

29. The wearing plate is installed in areas prone to friction to protect the hull structure. 防磨板安装在易受摩擦的部位，以保护船体结构。

30. The dash plate prevents water from splashing into the machinery room during navigation. 挡水板在航行时防止水溅入机舱。

31. The flange connects two pipes tightly, ensuring no leakage of fluids. 折边将两根管子紧密连接，确保流体不泄漏。

32. The stiffener is welded to the plate to enhance the structural strength of the hull. 扶强材、加强筋焊接在板材上，以增强船体的结构强度。

33. Angles are widely used in the ship's frame structure to connect different components. 角钢广泛应用于船舶的框架结构中，用于连接不同的部件。

34. Channels are used to support the deck and distribute the load evenly. 槽钢用于支撑甲板，使载荷均匀分布。

35. The bulb plate has a special cross - section that provides high strength with relatively low weight. 球扁钢具有特殊的横截面，能以相对较轻的重量提供较高的强度。

36. Steel flat is often used as a connecting piece in the ship's structure. 扁钢常用作船舶结构中的连接件。

37. H - beams are used in the main structure of the ship to bear large vertical loads. 工字钢用于船舶的主结构，以承受较大的垂直载荷。

38. The floating dock can be submerged to allow ships to enter and then raised for repair work. 浮船坞可以下沉让船舶进入，然后升起进行维修工作。

39. The caisson is a large watertight structure used to close the entrance of the floating dock. 坞门是一种大型水密结构，用于关闭浮船坞的入口。

40. The dock bottom is reinforced to withstand the weight of the ship during repair. 坞底经过加固，以承受船舶在维修时的重量。

41. The foot board is placed between the ship and the dock to facilitate personnel boarding and disembarking. 跳板放在船和码头之间，方便人员上下船。

42. The ventilator ensures adequate air circulation in the cabin, maintaining a good living environment. 通风筒保证了舱内充足的空气流通，维持良好的居住环境。

43. The grating on the deck allows water to drain quickly and provides anti - slip functionality. 甲板上的格栅能使水快速排出，并具有防滑功能。

44. The oil pan collects leaked oil in the engine room to prevent pollution. 油盘收集机舱内泄漏的油，以防止污染。

45. The gutter water way on the deck guides rainwater to the deck drain. 甲板上的水沟（槽）将雨水引向甲板排水孔。

46. The deck drain must be kept unobstructed to avoid water accumulation on the deck. 甲板排水孔必须保持畅通，避免甲板积水。

47. The manhole of the solid floor allows personnel to enter the tank for inspection and cleaning. 实肋板人孔允许人员进入液舱进行检查和清洁。

48. The access hole is small in size and is used for checking the internal condition of components. 人孔尺寸较小，用于检查部件的内部状况。

49. The drain hole in the tank ensures that residual liquid can be completely discharged. 液舱内的排水孔确保残留液体能完全排出。

50. The scupper board prevents water on the deck from flowing into the cabin. 挡水板防止甲板上的水流入舱室。

51. The angle hole is designed to reduce stress concentration at the corner of the structure. 角孔的设计是为了减少结构拐角处的应力集中。

52. The orifice controls the flow rate of the fluid by its specific size. 小孔通过其特定的尺寸控制流体的流量。

53. The scalloper is used to avoid interference between the stiffener and other components. R 孔用于避免扶强材与其他部件之间的干涉。

54. The chequered plate on the gangway provides good friction to prevent slipping. 舷梯上的花（网）钢板提供了良好的摩擦力，防止滑倒。

55. The floor plate covers the gap between the joists to form a flat walking surface. 花铁板覆盖在托梁之间的间隙上，形成平坦的行走表面。

56. The new steel plate is cut and welded according to the design drawings during shipbuilding. 造船时，新钢板根据设计图纸进行切割和焊接。

57. The galvanized steel plate has a protective layer that resists corrosion in humid environments. 镀锌板有一层保护层，能在潮湿环境中抗腐蚀。

58. Galvanized iron is commonly used for making small parts on the ship due to its low cost and good corrosion resistance. 镀锌铁板由于成本低且耐腐蚀性好，常用于制造船上的小零件。

59. The attachment is an important part that connects the main structure and auxiliary components. 配件是连接主体结构和辅助部件的重要部分。

60. The longitudinal seam runs along the length of the hull and requires strict welding quality control. 纵（接）缝沿着船体的长度方向，需要严格的焊接质量控制。

61. The edge of the plate is polished to remove burrs before assembly. 板材的边（缘）在装配前经过打磨，以去除毛刺。

62. The eye edge of the opening is reinforced to prevent cracking under stress. 开口边缘经过加强，以防在受力时开裂。

63. Under cut in the weld will reduce the strength of the joint and must be repaired. 焊接中的下陷 / 咬边会降低接头强度，必须进行修复。

64. The cutting edge of the plate is smooth to ensure safe handling during installation. 板材的切割边（缘）很光滑，以确保安装时的操作安全。

65. The windlass should be tested before departure to ensure it can properly lift the anchor. 起航前应测试锚机，确保其能正常起锚。

66. The bow thruster consumes additional power but greatly improves the ship's maneuverability in narrow waters. 艏侧推消耗额外的动力，但在狭窄水域极大地提高了船舶的 maneuverability。

67. Mooring lines are attached to the bit and must be checked for wear regularly. 缆绳系在系缆柱上，必须定期检查是否有磨损。

68. The chock is positioned to guide the mooring line in the optimal direction. 导缆钳的位置是为了将缆绳引导到最佳方向。

69. The winch's motor is inspected monthly to ensure its normal operation. 绞车的电机每月进行检查，以确保其正常运行。

70. The anchor's fluke must be sharp to penetrate the seabed effectively. 锚的锚爪必须锋利，以便有效地刺入海底。

71. The anchor chain's links are inspected for cracks during routine maintenance. 例行维护时，检查锚链的链环是否有裂纹。

72. The hawse pipe's inner surface is smooth to reduce wear on the anchor chain. 锚链筒的内表面很光滑，以减少对锚链的磨损。

73. The chain locker is cleaned periodically to remove sediment and rust. 锚链舱定期清洁，以去除沉积物和铁锈。

74. The cat hold is sealed with a gasket to prevent water leakage. 锚链孔用垫片密封，防止漏水。

75. The mooring arrangement is designed to withstand strong winds and currents. 系泊设备的设计能承受强风及水流。

76. The hatch cover's hydraulic system is checked for leaks to ensure smooth operation. 检查货舱盖的液压系统是否有泄漏，以确保运行顺畅。

77. The hatch pontoon's buoyancy is calculated to ensure it can support its own weight when open. 计算箱型舱盖的浮力，以确保其打开时能支撑自身重量。

78. The rubber channel is replaced when it shows signs of aging or damage. 橡皮槽出现老化或损坏迹象时就会更换。

79. The sea chest is cleaned regularly to prevent blockage by marine growth. 定期清洁海底阀箱，防止海洋生物堵塞。

80. The bottom plug is tightened securely after draining water from the pipeline. 从管道排水后，海底塞要拧紧。

81. The pipe's diameter is selected based on the required flow rate of the fluid. 管子的直径根据流体所需的流量来选择。

82. The pipe tunnel is illuminated to facilitate inspection and maintenance work. 管弄内有照明，方便检查和维护工作。

83. The funnel's insulation layer reduces heat transfer to the surrounding area. 烟囱的隔热层减少了向周围区域的热传递。

84. The closing plate is bolted tightly to ensure a secure seal. 封板用螺栓紧固，以确保密封牢固。

85. The wash plate's thickness is increased in areas with severe liquid sloshing. 在液体晃动严重的区域，防浪板的厚度会增加。

86. The wearing plate is replaced when its thickness is reduced to a specified limit. 当防磨板的厚度减少到规定限度时就会更换。

87. The dash plate is angled to deflect splashing water effectively. 挡水板有一定的角度，能有效地偏转溅起的水。

88. The flange is bolted together with a gasket in between to ensure a leak - proof connection. 折边用螺栓连接，中间夹有垫片，以确保连接无泄漏。

89. The stiffener is welded perpendicular to the plate to enhance its rigidity. 扶强材、加强筋垂直于板材焊接，以增强其刚性。

90. Angles are used to connect the deck and the bulkhead for added strength. 角钢用于连接甲板和舱壁，以增加强度。

91. Channels are arranged in parallel to support the weight of the equipment above. 槽钢平行排列，以支撑上方设备的重量。

92. The bulb plate's unique shape makes it suitable for use in load - bearing structures. 球扁钢的独特形状使其适用于承重结构。

93. Steel flat is cut into specific lengths for use as spacers between components. 扁钢被切割成特定的长度，用作部件之间的垫片。

94. H - beams are lifted into place by cranes during the ship's construction. 造船时，工字钢由起重机吊到合适的位置。

95. The floating dock is towed to the ship's location when repair work is needed. 需要维修工作时，浮船坞被拖到船舶所在位置。

96. The caisson is filled with water to sink it and allow the ship to enter the dock. 坞门内注满水使其下沉，让船舶进入船坞。

97. The dock bottom is inspected for cracks before the ship is docked. 船舶进坞前，检查坞底是否有裂纹。

98. The foot board is secured firmly to prevent it from moving during use. 跳板固定牢固，防止在使用时移动。

99. The ventilator's cover is opened to increase air circulation in hot weather. 炎热天气时，打开通风筒的盖子以增加空气流通。

100. The grating is made of high - strength steel to withstand heavy foot traffic. 格栅由高强度钢制成，以承受大量的行人踩踏。