The hull is the main structure of the ship, providing buoyancy and protection.
船壳是船舶的主要结构，提供浮力和保护。

The keel runs along the bottom centerline of the ship, enhancing longitudinal strength.
龙骨沿船底中心线延伸，增强纵向强度。

The bow is designed to cut through water efficiently, reducing resistance.
船首设计用于高效破水，减少阻力。

The stern houses the propeller and rudder, responsible for propulsion and steering.
船尾装有螺旋桨和舵，负责推进和转向。

The main deck is the primary working surface for cargo handling and crew activities.
主甲板是货物装卸和船员活动的主要工作面。

Transverse bulkheads divide the ship into separate compartments for safety.
横舱壁将船舶分隔成独立舱室，以保障安全。

Longitudinal bulkheads run parallel to the ship’s length, strengthening the hull.
纵舱壁与船舶长度平行，增强船体强度。

Cargo holds are enclosed spaces below deck used for storing goods.
货舱是甲板下方的封闭空间，用于存放货物。

Ballast tanks are filled with water to stabilize the ship during empty cargo trips.
压载舱在空载航行时注水以稳定船舶。

Fuel oil tanks are located in the lower parts of the hull to minimize center of gravity.
燃油舱位于船体下部，以降低重心。

The engine room is a dedicated space housing the main engine and auxiliary machinery.
机舱是容纳主机和辅助机械的专用空间。

The wheelhouse (bridge) is the command center where navigation and ship control occur.
驾驶室（舰桥）是进行航行和船舶控制的指挥中心。

The steering gear room contains equipment that controls the movement of the rudder.
舵机室装有控制舵叶运动的设备。

The chain locker stores the anchor chain when the anchor is not in use.
锚链舱在锚不使用时存放锚链。

The forecastle is the raised deck at the bow, providing space for mooring equipment.
首楼是船首的升高甲板，为系泊设备提供空间。

The poop deck is the raised deck at the stern, often used for crew quarters.
尾楼是船尾的升高甲板，常被用作船员住舱。

Superstructures include the bridge, accommodation blocks, and other above-deck structures.
上层建筑包括驾驶室、住舱区和其他甲板上的结构。

The funnel (smokestack) vents exhaust gases from the engine room.
烟囱将机舱的废气排出。

Masts support antennas, navigation lights, and cargo-handling equipment.
桅杆支撑天线、航行灯和货物装卸设备。

Railings along deck edges prevent crew and equipment from falling overboard.
甲板边缘的栏杆防止船员和设备坠海。

Gangways provide a safe passage between the ship and the shore or another vessel.
舷梯为船舶与岸边或另一艘船之间提供安全通道。

Lifeboats are stored on davits, ready for deployment during emergencies.
救生艇存放在吊艇架上，紧急情况下可随时投放。

Liferafts are inflatable emergency devices stored in canisters on deck.
救生筏是充气式应急设备，存放在甲板上的容器中。

Mooring equipment, such as bollards and winches, secures the ship to the dock.
系泊设备（如缆桩和绞车）将船舶固定在码头。

The anchor, connected to the chain, keeps the ship stationary in water.
锚通过链条连接，使船舶在水中保持静止。

The rudder is controlled by the steering gear to change the ship’s direction.
舵由舵机控制，用于改变船舶航向。

The propeller converts engine power into thrust, moving the ship forward.
螺旋桨将发动机功率转化为推力，推动船舶前进。

Hatch covers seal cargo holds to protect goods from water and weather.
舱口盖密封货舱，保护货物免受水和天气影响。

Frames are curved steel members that form the hull’s shape and support the deck.
肋骨是弧形钢构件，构成船体形状并支撑甲板。

Beams run horizontally across the ship, connecting frames and reinforcing the deck.
横梁水平横跨船舶，连接肋骨并加固甲板。

Girders are heavy longitudinal beams that strengthen the ship’s bottom structure.
纵桁是重型纵向梁，加固船舶底部结构。

The lower deck is located below the main deck, often used for additional cargo or storage.
下层甲板位于主甲板下方，常被用于额外的货物或储存。

Fresh water tanks store potable water for crew use in accommodation areas.
淡水舱储存饮用水，供住舱区的船员使用。

The ship’s side plating forms the outer skin of the hull, resisting water pressure.
船侧板构成船体的外壳，承受水压。

The bottom plating is the lowest part of the hull, directly in contact with seawater.
船底板是船体的最下部，直接与海水接触。

Bulkhead doors can be closed to isolate compartments in case of fire or flooding.
舱壁门在发生火灾或进水时可关闭，以隔离舱室。

The forecastle deck is higher than the main deck to avoid bow waves.
首楼甲板高于主甲板，以避开船首波。

Cargo hatches are large openings in the deck for loading and unloading goods.
货舱口是甲板上的大开口，用于装卸货物。

The masthead light is mounted on the mast, visible from miles away for navigation.
桅顶灯安装在桅杆上，航行时可在数英里外被看到。

The deckhouse is a small structure on deck, often housing equipment or storage.
甲板室是甲板上的小型结构，常容纳设备或用于储存。

The bilge is the lowest part of the hull, where water collects and is pumped out.
舱底是船体的最低处，积水在此处被抽出。

Stanchions are vertical posts supporting railings, enhancing deck safety.
支柱是支撑栏杆的垂直立柱，提高甲板安全性。

The anchor windlass is a machine used to raise and lower the anchor.
起锚机是用于起锚和下锚的机器。

The stern tube houses the propeller shaft, connecting the engine to the propeller.
尾轴管容纳螺旋桨轴，将发动机与螺旋桨连接起来。

The bulbous bow reduces wave resistance, improving fuel efficiency.
球鼻首减少波浪阻力，提高燃油效率。

Tank tops are the horizontal surfaces of cargo holds, supporting stored goods.
舱底板是货舱的水平表面，支撑存放的货物。

The companionway is a staircase connecting different decks within the superstructure.
升降口是上层建筑内连接不同甲板的楼梯。

Ventilators on deck allow air circulation in enclosed spaces like cargo holds.
甲板上的通风器使货舱等封闭空间内的空气流通。

The skeg is a fin-like structure at the stern, protecting the propeller and rudder.
尾鳍是船尾的鳍状结构，保护螺旋桨和舵。

The capstan is a vertical winch used for pulling mooring lines.
绞盘是一种垂直绞车，用于拉动系泊缆绳。

The deck plate is the steel plating forming the deck’s surface.
甲板板是构成甲板表面的钢板。

The bulkhead stiffener is a metal strip reinforcing the bulkhead against pressure.
舱壁加强筋是加固舱壁以抵抗压力的金属条。

The freeboard is the distance from the waterline to the main deck, ensuring buoyancy.
干舷是从水线到主甲板的距离，确保浮力。

The gunwale is the upper edge of the ship’s side, where the deck meets the hull.
舷缘是船侧的上边缘，即甲板与船体的连接处。

The pilot ladder is a special ladder used by pilots to board the ship from a pilot boat.
引航员梯是引航员从引航船登船的专用梯子。

The cargo winch is a machine used to lift and move cargo using ropes or chains.
起货绞车是使用绳索或链条提升和移动货物的机器。

The anchor buoy marks the position of the anchor when it is dropped.
锚浮标在锚放下时标记其位置。

The chain pipe is a vertical tube guiding the anchor chain from the deck to the chain locker.
链管是引导锚链从甲板到锚链舱的垂直管道。

The deck drain removes rainwater and seawater from the deck surface.
甲板排水孔排出甲板表面的雨水和海水。

The fairlead guides mooring lines to prevent friction against the hull.
导缆器引导系泊缆绳，防止其与船体摩擦。

The accommodation ladder is a portable ladder for crew to board from shore.
登船梯是供船员从岸边登船的便携式梯子。

The hull girder refers to the main structural beam running the length of the ship.
船体梁是指沿船舶长度方向延伸的主要结构梁。

The stem is the forwardmost part of the bow, forming the tip of the hull.
船首柱是船首的最前端部分，构成船体的尖端。

The sternpost is a vertical structure at the stern, supporting the rudder.
尾柱是船尾的垂直结构，支撑舵。

The tween deck is a deck between the main deck and the lower deck, used for cargo.
二层甲板是主甲板和下层甲板之间的甲板，用于载货。

The hold ladder provides access from the deck to the interior of the cargo hold.
货舱梯提供从甲板到货舱内部的通道。

The vent pipe allows air to escape from tanks when they are being filled.
通气管在舱室注满时允许空气逸出。

The bilge pump removes water from the bilge to prevent flooding.
舱底泵从舱底抽水，防止进水。

The davit is a crane-like device used to lower and raise lifeboats.
吊艇架是一种类似起重机的装置，用于放下和吊起救生艇。

The mooring bitt is a strong post on deck for securing mooring lines.
系缆桩是甲板上的坚固柱子，用于固定系泊缆绳。

The hull plating is joined by welding to form a watertight structure.
船体钢板通过焊接连接，形成水密结构。

The main engine foundation is a heavy steel structure supporting the main engine.
主机基座是支撑主机的重型钢结构。

The deck beam bracket connects the beam to the frame, strengthening the joint.
甲板梁肘板将横梁与肋骨连接，加固节点。

The sheer strake is the topmost plating of the ship’s side, along the deck edge.
舷顶列板是船侧的最上层钢板，沿甲板边缘分布。

The chain stopper secures the anchor chain to prevent it from running out accidentally.
止链器固定锚链，防止其意外滑出。

The pilot house is an enclosed part of the bridge where the captain navigates.
驾驶台是驾驶室内的封闭部分，船长在此进行航行操作。

The cargo port is a side opening for loading/unloading cargo, common on bulk carriers.
货舷门是侧面的开口，用于装卸货物，在散货船上常见。

The deckhouse front has large windows for visibility from the bridge.
甲板室前部有大窗户，便于从驾驶室观察。

The keelson is an internal longitudinal beam reinforcing the keel.
内龙骨是加固龙骨的内部纵向梁。

The bulwark is a low wall along the deck edge, preventing water from washing over.
舷墙是沿甲板边缘的矮墙，防止海水涌上甲板。

The anchor chain locker is lined with wood to reduce noise from the chain.
锚链舱内衬木材，以减少链条产生的噪音。

The stern ramp is a movable ramp at the stern for loading vehicles or cargo.
尾跳板是船尾的活动坡道，用于装载车辆或货物。

The deck crane is a large rotating crane on deck for heavy cargo handling.
甲板起重机是甲板上的大型旋转起重机，用于重型货物装卸。

The vent head is the top of a vent pipe, often fitted with a weather cap.
通风头是通气管的顶部，通常装有防雨帽。

The hull form (shape) affects the ship’s speed, stability, and fuel consumption.
船体线型（形状）影响船舶的速度、稳定性和燃油消耗。

The main transverse bulkhead separates the engine room from the cargo holds.
主横舱壁将机舱与货舱分隔开。

The accommodation block contains crew cabins, mess rooms, and recreation areas.
住舱区包含船员舱室、餐厅和娱乐区。

The funnel guy wires stabilize the funnel against wind and ship motion.
烟囱牵索稳定烟囱，抵抗风力和船舶运动的影响。

The lifeboat davit is designed to launch lifeboats safely even in rough seas.
救生艇吊艇架设计用于即使在波涛汹涌的海面上也能安全投放救生艇。

The deck plate thickness increases in areas subject to heavy loads, like cargo hatches.
在承受重载荷的区域（如货舱口），甲板板厚度会增加。

The bilge keel reduces the ship’s rolling motion in rough seas.
舭龙骨减少船舶在波涛汹涌的海面上的横摇运动。

The mooring winch has a drum for storing mooring lines and a motor for pulling.
系泊绞车有一个用于存放系泊缆绳的滚筒和一个用于拉动的电机。

The chain link is the individual section of the anchor chain, connected by shackles.
链环是锚链的单个部分，通过卸扣连接。

The deck light is a waterproof light fixture mounted on deck for nighttime illumination.
甲板灯是安装在甲板上的防水灯具，用于夜间照明。

The cargo hold vent is adjustable to control airflow and prevent moisture buildup.
货舱通风口可调节，以控制气流并防止潮气积聚。

The hull survey checks for cracks, corrosion, and structural damage to the hull.
船体检验检查船体的裂缝、腐蚀和结构损坏。

The stem post is reinforced to withstand impact during berthing or collisions.
船首柱经过加固，以承受靠泊或碰撞时的冲击。

The stern tube seal prevents seawater from entering the engine room around the propeller shaft.
尾轴管密封防止海水围绕螺旋桨轴进入机舱。

The deck cargo securing device (like lashings) keeps deck-loaded cargo in place.
甲板货物固定装置（如绑扎带）将甲板上装载的货物固定到位。

The superstructure deck provides additional space for equipment and crew activities.
上层建筑甲板提供额外空间，用于放置设备和进行船员活动。