船舶驾驶员实用英语:高频场景对话与术语指南

海员驾驶员实用英语:高频场景对话与术语指南 在远洋航行中,驾驶员的英语沟通能力直接关系到船舶避碰、港口协作、应急处置等关键环节的安全性与效率。本文围绕航行值班、靠离泊作业、VHF 通信...

在远洋航行中,驾驶员的英语沟通能力直接关系到船舶避碰、港口协作、应急处置等关键环节的安全性与效率。本文围绕航行值班、靠离泊作业、VHF 通信、应急处置四大高频场景,整理实用对话模板与核心术语,帮助驾驶员快速应对各类实操需求。

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一、航行值班(Navigational Watch)

1. 与机舱的通信(Communication with Engine Room)

场景:调整主机转速

· 驾驶员(OOW)Engine Room, this is Bridge. Request to increase speed to 12 knots for catching up with the schedule. Over.
(机舱,这里是驾驶台。请求将转速提升至 12 节,以赶上计划船期。完毕。)

· 机舱(Engine Room)Bridge, Engine Room. Speed increased to 12 knots, main engine load is 75%, oil pressure 0.45 MPa. Confirm. Over.
(驾驶台,机舱收到。转速已提升至 12 节,主机负荷 75%,油压 0.45 兆帕。请确认。完毕。)

· 驾驶员(OOW)Bridge confirms. Maintain this speed. Over and out.
(驾驶台确认。保持当前转速。通话结束。)

核心术语

· 主机负荷:main engine load

· 油压:oil pressure

· 转速:speed /revolutions (rpm)

· 定速:steady speed

· 减速:reduce speed /slow down

2. 与瞭望人员的协作(Coordination with Lookout)

场景:发现可疑物标

· 瞭望人员(Lookout)Bridge, Lookout. Object at 045 degrees, distance about 5 nautical miles, unidentifiable yet. Over.
(驾驶台,瞭望人员报告。045 度方向发现物标,距离约 5 海里,暂无法识别。完毕。)

· 驾驶员(OOW)Bridge acknowledges. Check with binoculars, report its course and speed if possible. Over.
(驾驶台收到。使用望远镜观察,如可能请报告其航向与速度。完毕。)

· 瞭望人员(Lookout)Lookout to Bridge. Object is a fishing vessel, course 270 degrees, speed 5 knots, fishing gear extended on starboard side. Over.
(瞭望人员致驾驶台。物标为渔船,航向 270 度,速度 5 节,右舷布有渔具。完毕。)

核心术语

· 物标:object /target

· 方位:bearing(如 045 degrees = 45 度)

· 海里:nautical mile (nm)

· 望远镜:binoculars

· 渔具:fishing gear

二、靠离泊作业(Berthing & Unberthing Operations)

1. 与引航员的沟通(Communication with Pilot)

场景:靠泊指令传达

· 引航员(Pilot)Bridge, Pilot. Prepare starboard side for mooring at Berth No. 3. Request 2 tugs: one on port bow, one on starboard stern. Over.
(驾驶台,引航员指令。右舷准备靠 3 号泊位,需 2 艘拖轮:1 艘在左船首,1 艘在右船尾。完毕。)

· 驾驶员(OOW)Bridge to Pilot. Tugs requested, starboard mooring lines ready. Current speed 3 knots, distance to berth 0.8 nm. Over.
(驾驶台致引航员。拖轮已请求,右舷系泊缆准备就绪。当前速度 3 节,距泊位 0.8 海里。完毕。)

· 引航员(Pilot)Pilot confirms. Reduce speed to 1 knot, keep clear of the buoy on port side. Over.
(引航员确认。减速至 1 节,避开左舷浮标。完毕。)

核心术语

· 系泊:mooring

· 拖轮:tug (tugboat)

· 船首 / 船尾:bow /stern

· 左舷 / 右舷:port side /starboard side

· 泊位:berth

2. 与码头调度的联系(Contact with Port Control)

场景:请求靠泊许可

· 驾驶员(OOW)Port Control, this is M/V Ocean Star (IMO No. 9876543). Request permission to enter the harbor for berthing at 1400 LT. Over.
(港口调度,这里是 “海洋之星” 轮(IMO 编号 9876543)。请求当地时间 1400 时进港靠泊。完毕。)

· 港口调度(Port Control)M/V Ocean Star, Port Control. Permission granted. Proceed to Waiting Area No. 2 first, await further instruction. Over.
“海洋之星” 轮,港口调度回复。许可进港,先前往 2 号待泊区,等待进一步指令。完毕。)

· 驾驶员(OOW)M/V Ocean Star confirms. Proceeding to Waiting Area No. 2. Over and out.
“海洋之星” 轮确认。正前往 2 号待泊区。通话结束。)

核心术语

· 当地时间:Local Time (LT)

· 进港许可:permission to enter the harbor

· 待泊区:Waiting Area

· IMO 编号:IMO Number(船舶唯一识别码)

三、VHF 通信(VHF Communication)

1. 船舶间避碰(Ship-to-Ship Collision Avoidance)

场景:与对遇船舶协调航向

· 驾驶员(OOW)M/V Green Wave, this is M/V Blue Sky (call sign BSK92). We are on head-on course, our position 35°12'N, 120°30'E, course 090 degrees, speed 15 knots. Propose to alter course to starboard by 20 degrees. Do you agree? Over.
“绿波” 轮,这里是 “蓝天” 轮(呼号 BSK92)。我船与你船对遇,我船位置北纬 35 度 12 分,东经 120 度 30 分,航向 090 度,速度 15 节。建议我船向右转向 20 度,你是否同意?完毕。)

· 对方船舶(M/V Green Wave)M/V Blue Sky, M/V Green Wave acknowledges. Agree with your proposal. We will maintain course 270 degrees, speed 14 knots. Over.
“蓝天” 轮,“绿波” 轮收到。同意你的建议,我船将保持航向 270 度,速度 14 节。完毕。)

· 驾驶员(OOW)M/V Blue Sky confirms. Thank you for coordination. Over and out.
“蓝天” 轮确认。感谢配合。通话结束。)

核心术语

· 呼号:call sign

· 对遇航向:head-on course

· 转向:alter course

· 纬度 / 经度:latitude (N/S) /longitude (E/W)

· 协调:coordination

2. 向 VTS 报告(Reporting to VTS)

场景:进入 VTS 管制区报告

· 驾驶员(OOW)Shanghai VTS, this is M/V Golden Sea (IMO No. 9123456). Entering VTS Area No. 1 at 1030 LT, position 31°05'N, 121°20'E, course 180 degrees, speed 12 knots. Cargo: container, destination Shanghai Port. Over.
(上海 VTS,这里是 “金海” 轮(IMO 编号 9123456)。当地时间 1030 时进入 1 号 VTS 管制区,位置北纬 31 度 05 分,东经 121 度 20 分,航向 180 度,速度 12 节。货物为集装箱,目的港上海港。完毕。)

· VTSM/V Golden Sea, Shanghai VTS. Maintain VHF Channel 12, report any course change. Over.
“金海” 轮,上海 VTS 回复。保持 VHF 12 频道,如有航向变化请报告。完毕。)

· 驾驶员(OOW)M/V Golden Sea confirms. VHF Channel 12 monitored. Over.
“金海” 轮确认。持续守听 VHF 12 频道。完毕。)

核心术语

· VTS:Vessel Traffic Service(船舶交通服务)

· 管制区:VTS Area

· 守听:monitor(频道)

· 目的港:destination port

· 货物:cargo

四、应急处置(Emergency Response)

1. 主机故障报告(Reporting Main Engine Failure)

场景:向公司与附近船舶通报故障

· 驾驶员(OOW)Company Operation Center, this is M/V Pacific Wind. Main engine failed at 0815 LT, position 28°30'N, 115°40'E. Cause under investigation, currently drifting. Request technical support. Over.
(公司运营中心,这里是 “太平洋风” 轮。当地时间 0815 时主机故障,位置北纬 28 度 30 分,东经 115 度 40 分。故障原因正在排查,目前船舶漂流。请求技术支持。完毕。)

· 附近船舶(M/V Hope)M/V Pacific Wind, M/V Hope here. We are 3 nm away from your position, standing by to assist if needed. Over.
“太平洋风” 轮,这里是 “希望” 轮。我船距你船 3 海里,随时准备提供协助。完毕。)

· 驾驶员(OOW)M/V Pacific Wind to M/V Hope. Thank you for assistance. Will inform you if help is needed. Over.
“太平洋风” 轮致 “希望” 轮。感谢协助,如需帮助将及时告知。完毕。)

核心术语

· 主机故障:main engine failure

· 漂流:drifting

· 技术支持:technical support

· 随时准备:standing by

· 排查原因:investigate the cause

2. 救助落水人员(Rescuing Man Overboard)

场景:向附近船舶请求协助搜救

· 驾驶员(OOW)All ships in vicinity, this is M/V Starfish. Man overboard at 1445 LT, position 32°10'N, 122°05'E, wearing orange life jacket. We are conducting search, request any nearby ship to assist. Over.
(附近所有船舶,这里是 “海星” 轮。当地时间 1445 时有人落水,位置北纬 32 度 10 分,东经 122 度 05 分,落水者穿着橙色救生衣。我船正在搜救,请求附近船舶协助。完毕。)

· 协助船舶(M/V Sunlight)M/V Starfish, M/V Sunlight responding. Proceeding to your position, ETA 30 minutes. Will search the area north of your position. Over.
“海星” 轮,“阳光” 轮响应。正前往你船位置,预计 30 分钟到达,将搜索你船北侧区域。完毕。)

· 驾驶员(OOW)M/V Starfish confirms. Appreciate your help. Will keep you updated on search progress. Over.
“海星” 轮确认。感谢协助,将及时告知搜救进展。完毕。)

核心术语

· 落水人员:man overboard (MOB)

· 救生衣:life jacket

· 搜救:search and rescue (SAR)

· 预计到达时间:ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival)

· 附近船舶:ships in vicinity

五、实用术语速查(Quick Reference)

航行设备

Radar

雷达

 

ECDIS

电子海图显示与信息系统

 

AIS

船舶自动识别系统

气象

Fog

 

Strong wind

大风

 

Current direction

流向

安全

Safety harness

安全绳

 

Fire extinguisher

灭火器

 

Life raft

救生筏

港口操作

Loading / Unloading

装货 / 卸货

 

Pilot ladder

引航员梯

 

Quarantine

检疫

 

  掌握以上场景对话与术语,可帮助驾驶员在日常工作中实现清晰、高效的英语沟通,减少误解与风险。实际使用中,需注意语速适中、发音清晰,关键信息(如位置、航向、时间)可重复确认,确保对方准确接收。

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