1、目前 ，根据SOLAS公约货船（非tanker）上起居处所、服务处所和控制站防火分隔有三种方法，如下：

2、货船的起居和服务处所及控制站应依据第9.2.3.1条所采用的保护方法，并由以下固定式探火和失火报警系统和/或自动喷水器、探火和失火报警系统保护：

3、由上述1和2可知，防火分隔的方法和该船是否有固定式探火和失火报警系统和/或自动喷水器、探火和失火报警系统保护息息相关的。说句大白话，就是配置（被动防火和主动防火）。

4、什么是被动防火？什么是主动防火

简而言之，被动防火不需要人干预。而主动防火需要有人干预（设备的启动）。因此，可见，被动防火是最保险的。因此，如果采纳被动防火，则设备就不需要配置很多。反之。

看看不简而言之的

Passive fire protection includes structural fire protection, ventilation systems, detection and alarm systems in general. 

A system that is passive does not require human action to make it effective so that the possibility of human error affecting the system’s performance is, as far as possible, eliminated. Passive fire protection is assumed to be extremely reliable. 

The goal of the structural fire protection is to prevent the occurrence of fire and in the event of fire, to resist or to reduce its spread while establishing escape routes. 

This goal is achieved through the following basic principles: 

• arrangement of structures so as to resist fire spread; 

• adopted measures as to guarantee that the integrity of fire resistant divisions is not impaired by penetrations; 

• arrangement of structures so as to separate people from fire and the products of combustion; 

• use of materials which are resistant to ignition and flame spread; 

• use of materials which minimize the products of combustion. 

Active fire protection includes fire-fighting systems and portable fire equipment; 

The goal of active fire protection is to provide fixed and portable systems capable to fight a fire in the place of its origin. 

It is obvious that the efficiency of the active fire protection may be greatly influenced by human behavior and preparation of operators.  

 Except for the fire main that is arranged throughout the ship, the other fixed fire extinguishing systems are designed in respect of the type of spaces to be protected, e.g.: 

• accommodation spaces: automatic sprinkler systems or equivalent; 

• machinery spaces of category A: total flooding systems, e.g. gas, foam and water systems, and local applications for high risk areas;

• cargo spaces: gas, foam or water spray systems, depending on the type of ship and cargo to be carried. 

• other hazardous spaces: galleys (fixed systems for the protection of galley hoods and deep-fat cooking equipment), stores containing flammable liquids, helicopter facilities.

5、从上述1和2可知，IC法的设备是最少的，因此，其被动防火更牛逼，也就更加可靠。所有tanker ，只能采用IC法。

6、介绍完了IC，IIC ，IIC，就看防火分隔表了，我们选自非tanker的货船，因为这个表格里面三种方法都存在。我会通过举例的方式，告知你明显的区别。

1）起居处所（3）和起居处所（3），都是“C”，但是上面有2个注脚“a”与“b”，是什么意思？

此时，就可以看出，如果采用IC法，就需要C级分隔，符合：

注脚a和b，很好地诠释了：

特别是注脚“b”

2）起居处所b（3）和梯道（4），有B-0和A-0，同时，在A-0上有个注脚“c”，"c"的意思：为分清适用哪一等级，见本条2.3.2和2.3.4。就是根据梯道的不同布置来采取A0还是B0。

上述是关于梯道的防火分隔，尤其是第一句话“仅穿过一层甲板的梯道，最低限度应在一层甲板上至少用“B−0”级分隔及自闭式门保护。”这句话我从来没有理解过，一直到我2018年开始从事营运船，看到日本设计的，我才明白，原来梯道还可以这样绕。（后面会专门弄梯道一问）

7、总结

1）明白什么是被动防火，什么是主动防火后，你才会更加深刻地理解探火、防火和灭火的配合。而不是简单粗暴的野蛮叠加。会导致系统性的混乱。目前有这个苗头。

2）如果确实对于某些区域需要加强，可以通过注脚的形式表现。