舷梯是连接船岸的唯一通道，是岸上人员、港口工人和船员出入船舶的重要通道，其重要性不言而喻！舷梯看似简单，但却很容易被船员所忽视，其维护保养需要我们船员严格认真去落实执行，任何与舷梯有关的事故，都直接涉及到船员和岸上人员的人命安全！人命至上，千万马虎不得！

Gangway is the unique channel connecting the ship and shore. Its importance is self-evident but easy to be overlooked. Its maintenance requires strict implementation. Any accident related to gangway will directly involve the safety of the crew and personnel on shore! Human life is top issue requires highest care.

近几年舷梯有关的事故频发，为此，公司特别整理如下提醒，希望船上人员勤于保养，守护好船岸通道，减少事故发生，避免造成人员伤亡及船期的损失。

In recent years, frequent accidents related to gangway happened. To this end, we specially issue the following reminders, please make diligent maintenance onboard to protect the ship shore channel, reduce the occurrence of accidents, avoid casualties and loss of the schedule.

  一．舷梯易发生故障 Possible Breakdowns

1. 放下舷梯操作时发现，在“STOP停止”按钮松开以后，舷梯还会自行下落一小段距离才会停止；

When lowering the gangway, after the "STOP" button was released, the gangway would continue to fall for a distance before stopping;

　　2. 舷梯收回时，齿轮箱输出轴无力，收回缓慢，甚至无法收回，需要手拉葫芦协助才能收回；

When the gangway is withdrawn, the output shaft of the gear box is weak, slow or even unable to be withdrawn, which requires the hand hoist assistance.

　　3. 舷梯齿轮箱滑油油位镜被油漆覆盖或模糊不清，滑油变质，船上疏忽或没有定期检查，不能及时更换齿轮箱滑油，滑油氧化/乳化现象严重，导致齿轮箱内部组件发生锈蚀磨损；齿轮箱底座锈蚀严重，没有定期进行除锈、油漆养护；

The oil level mirror of the gear case is covered with paint or blurred, the oil is deteriorated, and the gear case oil cannot be replaced timely due to negligence or no regular inspection on board. The oil oxidation/emulsification phenomenon is serious, resulting in corrosion and wear of the internal components. The bottom seat of the gear box is seriously corroded, and rust removal and paint maintenance are not carried out regularly.

　　4. 舷梯钢丝没有按照要求进行检查保养，钢丝断股，缺少钢丝油，钢丝导轮卡阻等情况，在放舷梯时，发生钢丝断裂事故；

The gangway wire was not inspected and maintained as required, with wire strand broke, missing grease and guide wheel stuck.

　　5. 靠泊后放舷梯准备向外拉到码头时，上平台下部的轴销因长期没有添加牛油保养，严重锈蚀咬死，轴销被拉断；

After berthing, the axle pin under the upper platform was found seriously corroded and stuck without grease, and the pin was pulled off;

　　6. 靠泊后施放舷梯时，发现无法放下；施放时，电动马达烧毁；

Gangway was unable to be put down after berthing. Electric motor burns out while lowering the gangway;

　　7. 靠码头期间，梯口值班人员，没有及时调整舷梯高度，因航道过船的兴波效应，导致本轮的晃动或前后移动，使得舷梯被夹撞变形。

During docking, the watchman did not adjust the gangway in time. Due to the wave effect of the passing ship, own ship’ shaking or moving resulted in the gangway being clipped and deformed.

二. 舷梯齿轮箱保养  Gear box maintenance

1. 严格依照船东/船管公司设备PMS的要求，依PMS规定周期检查保养齿轮箱外壳，发现有裂纹、变形或者有明显的损坏，应及时修补，液位镜保持清洁透明可视，无油漆覆盖；

In strict accordance with the shipowner/ship manager’s PMS requirements, check and maintain the gearbox housing according to the specified period of PMS. If cracks, deformation or obvious damage are found, it should be repaired in time. The oil level mirror should be kept clean, transparent and visible without paint cover.

　　2. 如船东/船管系统或PMS没有明确的要求，船长应嘱咐主管船员立即建立该设备的维护保养记录本，每三个月执行上述1款的检查与保养；同时向船东/船管提出增添该保养项目的请求。

If there is no clear requirement from the manager PMS, the Master shall instruct the officer in charge to immediately set up a maintenance record and carry out the inspection and maintenance in paragraph above every 3 months. At the same time make a request to the manager for additional maintenance items.

　　3. 按照体系或PMS之要求，定期更换舷梯齿轮箱滑油，通过观察更换出来的滑油，判断齿轮箱内部是否发生异常磨损。如有必要，打开齿轮箱内部，检查齿轮箱内部的各个零件，如齿轮、轴承、密封件等，如有异常声响或者有异常的磨损，应及时进行修理。（不超过三个月）

According to the PMS, replace the oil in gear box regularly. By observing the used oil, determine whether abnormal wear occurs inside the box. If necessary, open the gear box to check the internal parts, such as gears, bearings, seals, etc. If there is abnormal sound or abnormal wear, repaired in time. ( in three months)

　　4. 定期对马达及传动装置进行运行测试检查。（不低于一个月一次或抵港前）。

Regular test and inspection of motor and transmission device. (once a month or before arrival).

　　5. 在操作放下舷梯时，应注意观察舷梯在松开“下落”按钮后，能够及时停止。如有必要应检修制动装置，确保舷梯能够准确停止。

When lowering the gangway, observe it can stop in time after releasing the "Down" button. Check the brake device if necessary to ensure that the gangway can stop accurately.

　　6. 盘点船上舷梯齿轮箱、轴承等备件，如船龄超过三年以上的，如没有相关备品，及时提出申请。

Take inventory ofgangway gear boxes, bearings and other spare parts. If there is no relevant spare parts for ships more than 3 years, apply timely.

三．舷梯使用 Gangway operation

1. 如船东/船管的体系或PMS有明确规定，应严格遵守落实舷梯的维护保养；如船东/船管没有明确要求的，船上应建立维护保养记录；并列入大副交接的项目；

Maintenance of gangway shall be strictly observed if specified by the manager or PMS. If there is no explicitly request, maintenance records shall be established on board, and included in the Chief Officer handover notes;

　　2. 在船舶抵港要使用舷梯（包括海上接领港也是通过舷梯上下）前1-2天，就需要提早执行舷梯放/收的功能测试，避免到港或要接领港时放不下去，延误进港船期（这样的案例不少）；测试时应采取必要的防护措施，如挂保护钢丝或葫芦，避免舷梯突然滑落；

The gangway function test should be carried out 1-2 days before the ship arrival to avoid the delay of the arrival due to the failure of the gangway, which many cases related. Necessary protective measures should be taken during testing, such as protective steel wire or block, to avoid sudden slide of gangway;

　　3. 如电力马达驱动的舷梯，在抵港前的测试，也需要通知机舱部，提到对该马达的绝缘测试，测试合格后，方可送电；海上马达进水的案例很多，没有先测试，导致马达烧损的案例也不少；同时应检查所有限位保护装置功能有效；

For the gangway driven by electric motor, the engine department should also be informed of the insulation test before arrival, and the power can only be provided after the test is qualified. Many cases of water dampened motor leading to the burning without test first. All limit protection devices should be checked for effectiveness as well;

　　4. 船舶在港靠泊期间，舷梯附近应备有一个配备自亮灯的救生圈和浮力救生绳，可立即使用；

A self-lighted life buoy and buoyancy life line should be available near the gangway for immediate use during berthing;

　　5. 梯口值班人员，需要根据潮水的变化及装卸货的情况，不时调整舷梯的高度，避免船舶因她船的影响发生移位而撞坏；并注意观察舷梯的工作状况，如有发现问题及时处理解决，以免引发更大的事故；

The watchman should adjust the height of the bottom plat from time to time according to the change of tide and the loading and unloading situation, so as to prevent the damage due to shifting and crashing by the influence of other ships. Pay attention to the working conditions of the gangway, if any problems are found to solve in time, so as not to cause more accidents;

　　6. 锚泊时，如无人上下，舷梯应升高到平齐位置，避免外人的非法进入。

If no on/ off at anchorage, the gangway should be raised to horizontal position to avoid illegal entry.

四．舷梯维护保养要求 Maintenance requirement

1. 依照体系或PMS执行，检查钢丝的外表是否有明显的变形或者断裂，如有应及时更换，导轮滚动是否平滑，润滑是否足够；

According to the system or PMS, check whether there is obvious deformation or fracture on the surface of the wire, replace timely if found. whether the regulating wheel rolling smooth, lubrication is enough;

　　2. 定期对钢丝进行涂抹钢丝油，以防止生锈；

Grease wire regularly to prevent rust;

　　3. 限位开关性能测试检查（定期，抵港前），日常外观保养，防止锈蚀；

Limit switch test and inspection regularly or before arrival, appearance checking for corrosion;

　　4. 梯阶顶端与主甲板之间的通道平台，应由扶手和足够强度的栏杆牢牢保护；

The access between the top platform and the main deck shall be securely protected by handrails and railings of sufficient strength;

　　5. 舷梯栏杆扶手根部要注意检查、保养与活络，特别是插槽内部不应打油漆，会导致栏杆拔插不易，在安装或回收的过程中，可能出现人员用力过猛而摔落的险情；

Check, maintain and activate the root of handrail. Especially, paint should not be accumulated inside the slot, making it difficult to remove and insert the railings;

　　

6. 安全网的网格不能有破损，这也是PSC检查官重点关注的检查要点；安放需要严格依照要求落实；如美、澳港口对安全网的要求如下：

The mesh should not be damaged, which is the main check; Replace in strict accordance with the requirements; US and Australian ports have the following requirements for safety nets:

　　(1) 必须从上平台到下平台全部覆盖，上平台的扶手栏杆也应被覆盖（高度）；

It must be covered from the upper to the lower platform, and the handrail of the upper platform should also be covered;

　　(2) 需要从船舷的栏杆安装，一直到码头（如果码头有特殊的书面要求， 则需要向检查人员提供以证明船舶的舷梯安全网布置符合要求）；

Erected from the ship side railings up to the wharf (where there is a special written requirement at the wharf, proof that the ship's 

gangway safety net arrangement complies with the requirements shall be provided to the inspector);

　　(3) 穿在扶手上面的各绳子必须收紧， 最上面的一层最好是硬质的材料（比如铁管， 即折叠栏杆）；

The rope worn above the handrail must be tightened, the top rail better to be hard material (such as steel pipe, namely folding railings);

　　(4) 安全网上，特别是在舷梯钢丝附近手能触及的部分不能有油；

No oil stains on the net, especially in the parts that can be reached by hands near the gangway wire;

　　(5) 澳洲的某些港口（如New castle）要求，船上舷梯要有第二种支撑方式，通常利用加油吊做一个吊梁，避免只有电机马达及钢丝出故障时舷梯坠落。

Some ports in Australia (such as New castle) require a second support for the gangway from the ship. Bunker crane can be used as a lifting beam to avoid the gangway falling if motor and steel wire fail.

　　7. 上平台转盘下部轴销，平台支持轴承，定期添加牛油活络，防止在舷梯外拉时轴销断裂，导致发生整个舷梯脱落的风险；

The lower shaft pin of the turntable on the upper platform and the platform support bearing shall be regularly greased to prevent the shaft pin from breaking when the gangway is pulled out, which may lead to the risk of the whole gangway falling off;

　　8. 舷梯上、下平台反面保养经常容易被疏忽，请注意保养；

Maintenance of the back side of the upper and lower platform is often neglected, where shall be paid attention to;

　　9. 舷梯应在每一端清楚地标示安全操作和装载限制的标牌，包括最大和最小允许设计倾斜角、设计载荷、底端板的最大载荷等。标识内容如下：

The gangway shall be clearly marked at each end with signs indicating safe handling and SWL restrictions, including maximum and minimum allowable design inclination angles, design load, maximum load of bottom plate, etc. The identification content is as follows:

　　Designed Angle:

Max: xx°/ Min: xx°

Designed Load:

　　xxN X xx Steps= xxx KN(每一台阶承重X 舷梯的阶数=总承重，单位千牛)each step load x total step numbers = total load capacity

　　Max Load of Lower Platform: xxxKN（如果是上平台，就要写 “Upper Platform”）ie. Load on each platform

　　MAX 3 Persons(根据实际情况填写平台最多可同时站几个人)

Marked on the platform accordingly of how many people can stand on the gangway simutaniously

　　10. 如有大副、水手部人员换班后，船上应择机尽快执行对该设备操作、使用注意事项的讲解，及操作训练，并依照公司的接班评估表进行设备状态评估，以掌握该设备真实情况。

After Chief Officer or deck crew exchange, the ship shall, as soon as possible, conduct the explanation of the operation and precautions for the use of gangway, and carry out the equipment status assessment according to the company's assessment form, so as to grasp the real situation of the equipment.

　　舷梯的故障会影响领港的上下船，而遭到投诉，甚至拒绝登轮，影响正常的靠离泊，甚至遭致PSC的检查。更重要的是，舷梯发生故障有可能会导致人命安全事故。心正才能行得正，请船上务必能够认识到舷梯的重要性，规范舷梯的日常使用，重视并勤快执行舷梯保养工作。为自己的安全负责，也为他人负责，建立并维护好安全的船岸生命通道。

The fault of the gangway can affect the pilot's boarding, cause complaints, even refuse to board, and affect berthing and even result in detention. What's more, gangway failure could lead to a fatal accident. People can walk longer only with right attitude. Please be sure to realize the importance of gangway, standardize the daily use, pay attention to and diligently carry out the maintenance work. Take responsibility for your own safety, as well as for others, to establish and maintain a safe passage of life between ship and shore.