基本信息与职业背景

 

1. Could you introduce yourself?（您做一下自我介绍好吗？）

- 答：My name is [Name]. I am [Age] years old. I graduated from [University Name] and hold a Chief Officer certificate. I have [X]-year experience on board, serving on [Ship Types]. I am proficient in relevant ship-operation knowledge and can use computer systems for management.（我的名字是[姓名]。我[年龄]岁了。我毕业于[大学名称]，持有大副证书。我有[X]年船上工作经验，服务于[船舶类型]。我精通相关船舶操作知识，并且能够使用计算机系统进行管理。）

2. Where did you graduate from?（您是哪里毕业的？）

- 答：I graduated from [University/College Name].（我毕业于[大学/学院名称]。）

3. How long have you worked on board?（您在船上做多久了？）

- 答：I have worked on board for [X] years.（我在船上工作了[X]年。）

4. Which company have you served (worked for)?（您在哪个公司做过？）

- 答：I have served [Company Name].（我在[公司名称]做过。）

5. What certificate (license) do you hold now?（您现在持有什么证书？）

- 答：I hold a Chief Officer certificate, GMDSS certificate and oil-pollution prevention certificate.（我持有大副证书、全球海上遇险与安全系统证书和防油污证书。）

6. How long do you have the certificate of master?（您持有船长证书多久了？）

- 答：I have held the master certificate for [X] years.（我持有船长证书[X]年了。）

7. What kinds of ship have you worked on?（您都做过哪些类型的船？）

- 答：I have worked on bulk carriers, container ships and tankers.（我做过散货船、集装箱船和油轮。）

8. Which classification society is your last ship registered with?（您上条船是在哪个船级社注册的？）

- 答：CCS.（中国船级社。）

9. Where was your last vessel’s trading area? Which ports have you called?（你上一条船的航行区域？都到过那个港口？）

- 答：My last vessel’s trading area was in the Asia-Europe route. We called at ports like Shanghai, Rotterdam and Hamburg.（我上条船的航行区域是亚欧航线。我们停靠过上海、鹿特丹和汉堡等港口。）

10. Have you served UMS? (UMS = Unmanned Machinery Space)（您做过无人机舱船吗？）

- 答：Yes, I have served UMS.（是的，我做过无人机舱船。）

 

甲板部专业知识 - 船舶操纵与导航

 

11. What is the core content of SOLAS?（SOLAS公约的核心内容是什么？）

- 答：SOLAS mandates safety standards for ships, including construction, equipment, and operation, aiming to ensure the safety of life at sea.（SOLAS公约规定船舶构造、设备及操作的安全标准，旨在保障海上人命安全。）

12. How to use the Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) to design a safe route?（如何使用电子海图系统（ECDIS）设计安全航线？）

- 答：Select updated charts, set waypoints, check depth contours, and enable collision-avoidance alerts.（选择最新海图、设置转向点、核查水深等高线，并启用避碰预警功能。）

13. What are the limitations of GPS navigation?（GPS导航的局限性有哪些？）

- 答：Signal interference in urban areas, reliance on satellite availability, and potential cyber-attacks.（城市高楼区信号干扰、依赖卫星覆盖、可能遭受网络攻击。）

14. What are the key points for attention when navigating in narrow channels?（狭水道航行时的关键注意事项是什么？）

- 答：Maintain strict course, monitor traffic via AIS, use proper signaling, and prepare for sudden currents.（保持严格航向、通过船舶自动识别系统监控交通、正确使用信号，并防范突发水流。）

15. What measures should be taken when a ship is navigating in foggy weather?（船舶在雾天航行应采取哪些措施？）

- 答：Activate fog horns, increase radar scanning frequency, reduce speed, and post additional lookouts.（开启雾笛，增加雷达扫描频率，降低航速，并增设瞭望人员。）

 

甲板部专业知识 - 货物操作与安全

 

16. How to prevent cargo from shifting during container ship loading and unloading?（集装箱船装卸时如何防止货物移位？）

- 答：Use lashing bars, twist locks, and ensure proper weight distribution, and follow the stowage plan.（使用绑扎杆、扭锁，确保重量合理分布，并遵循积载计划。）

17. What is the “IMDG Code” for dangerous goods transportation?（危险货物运输的“IMDG规则”是什么？）

- 答：IMDG Code regulates the handling, storage, and labeling of hazardous cargo.（IMDG规则规范危险货物的装卸、存储及标识要求。）

18. What operations should be recorded in Part I of the Oil Record Book (ORB)?（油类记录簿（ORB）第一部分应记录哪些操作？）

- 答：Disposal of oil residues, tank cleaning, or cargo oil transfers.（油渣处理、舱柜清洗或货油转驳操作。）

19. What is the oil-content limit for discharging bilge water overboard?（向舷外排放舱底水的油含量限制是多少？）

- 答：Not exceeding 15 parts per million (ppm).（不超过百万分之十五（ppm）。）

20. How to make a stowage plan?（如何制定积载计划？）

- 答：Based on the capacity of the hold, the stowage factors, types of cargo, loading and discharging ports rotation, calculate the volume of the cargo to be loaded into different holds, and then calculate the draft, trimming, shear force and bending moment of the vessel to meet the requirements of the ship.（根据货舱容量、积载因数、货物类型、装卸港顺序，计算要装入不同货舱的货物体积，然后计算船舶的吃水、纵倾、剪力和弯矩，以满足船舶要求。）

 

船舶安全管理

 

21. What is the purpose of the ISM Code? What is DPA in ISM Code?（ISM规则的目的是什么？ISM规则中DPA是什么意思？）

- 答：The purpose of ISM Code is to provide an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships and for pollution prevention. DPA stands for Designated Person(s) Ashore, whose responsibility includes monitoring safety and pollution-prevention aspects on behalf of the shipowner.（ISM规则的目的是为船舶安全管理和操作以及防止污染提供国际标准。DPA是指岸上指定人员，其职责包括代表船东监控安全和防污染方面的事宜。）

22. How often should there be a life-saving drill or fire-fighting drill?（多久进行一次救生演习或消防演习？）

- 答：Once a month.（一个月一次。）

23. What does flag signal "Oscar" stand for?（旗语信号“Oscar”代表什么？）

- 答：It stands for man overboard.（代表人员落水。）

24. Who takes care of medicine on board?（船上谁负责药品？）

- 答：Nowadays, the second officer usually takes care of the medical chest.（现在通常由二副负责药箱。）

25. What are the main responsibilities of the Chief Officer in ship safety management?（大副在船舶安全管理方面的主要职责有哪些？）

- 答：Assist the captain in formulating safety management systems, regularly organize crew safety training and drills, check whether the ship's safety equipment is in good condition, and urge crew members to abide by safety regulations.（协助船长制定安全管理制度，定期组织船员安全培训和演习，检查船舶安全设备是否完好，督促船员遵守安全规定。）

 

船舶操作与维护

 

26. Could you list different mooring equipment on board?（您能列出船上不同的系泊设备吗？）

- 答：Open chock, cleat, closed chock, bitts, open roller chock, etc.（开口导缆孔、系缆桩、封闭导缆孔、双柱系缆桩、开口滚轮导缆器等。）

27. What are the key components for daily ship maintenance?（船舶日常保养的关键部件有哪些？）

- 答：Main engine, steering gear, anchor chain, deck, etc.（主机、舵机、锚链、甲板等。）

28. How to maintain the anchor chain?（如何维护锚链？）

- 答：Regularly clean the anchor chain, check for wear and tear, and apply anti-corrosion paint.（定期清洁锚链，检查磨损情况，并涂抹防腐漆。）

29. What should be paid attention to when operating the windlass?（操作锚机时应注意什么？）

- 答：Check the equipment before operation, ensure proper lubrication, and do not overload. Follow the operation procedures strictly.（操作前检查设备，确保润滑良好，不超载。严格遵循操作程序。）

30. Who keeps the Master key?（谁保管万能钥匙？）

- 答：The Chief Officer keeps the Master key.（大副保管万能钥匙。）

 

货物运输相关（续）

 

31. What types of cargoes have ever been carried on board your last vessel?（你上条船曾装载过哪些类型的货物？）

- 答：My last vessel carried bulk cargoes such as grain and coal, and some general cargoes.（我上条船装载过谷物、煤炭等散货，还有一些杂货。）

32. For bulk carriers, what should be noted when transporting iron ore powder?（对于散货船，运输铁矿粉时应注意什么？）

- 答：Pay attention to cargo shifting, and ensure proper ventilation and stowage.（注意货物移动，确保合理通风和积载。）

33. How to prevent the spontaneous combustion of coal during transportation?（运输煤炭时如何防止自燃？）

- 答：Proper ventilation, control the moisture content, and avoid long-term stacking.（合理通风，控制含水量，避免长期堆存。）

34. What should the Chief Officer check before cargo loading and unloading?（大副在货物装卸前需核对什么？）

- 答：Check the cargo information, the condition of the cargo hold, and the availability of loading and unloading equipment.（核对货物资料、货舱状况以及装卸设备的可用性。）

35. In the operation of loading and unloading goods, what does the Chief Officer need to supervise?（在货物装卸操作中，大副需要监督什么？）

- 答：Supervise the quantity and quality of goods, the operation of stevedores, and ensure the safety of loading and unloading.（监督货物的数量和质量、装卸工人的操作，确保装卸安全。）

 

应急处理

 

36. What are the emergency measures for ship fires?（处理船上火灾的应急措施有哪些？）

- 答：Immediately sound the alarm, use the nearest fire-fighting equipment to fight the fire, organize the crew to gather according to the pre-arranged process, and prevent the fire from spreading.（立即发出警报，使用最近的灭火设备灭火，组织船员按照预定流程集合，防止火势蔓延。）

37. What should be done in case of a ship collision?（船舶碰撞后应如何处理？）

- 答：Immediately sound the alarm, master the collision situation, communicate with the involved ships, assess the damage situation in time, organize drainage and plugging, and request external assistance if necessary.（立即发出警报，掌握碰撞情况，与涉及船舶沟通，及时评估破损情况，组织排水和堵漏，必要时请求外部援助。）

38. How to deal with the situation of man overboard?（如何处理人员落水情况？）

- 答：Hang the flag signal "Oscar", sound three long-range whistles, turn to visually track the person overboard, and throw life-buoys near the person overboard.（挂字母“O”旗，放三长声号笛，转向目视跟踪落水者，向落水人附近抛救生圈。）

39. What should the Chief Officer do in bad weather?（恶劣天气下大副应怎么做？）

- 答：Check the cargo hold, secure the deck equipment, adjust the ballast water as required, and keep a close eye on the ship's condition.（检查货舱，固定甲板设备，根据要求调整压载水，密切关注船舶状况。）

40. If there is a sudden failure of the main engine during navigation, what should be done?（航行中如果主机突然故障，应怎么做？）

- 答：Notify the bridge and the engine room immediately, then carry out fault diagnosis. If the repair time is long, use the auxiliary engine to supply power for necessary equipment, control the ship's drift, and contact the nearest maritime department for assistance.（立即通知驾驶台和机舱，然后进行故障排查。如果修复时间较长，利用副机为必要设备供电，控制船舶漂移，并与最近的海事部门联系寻求援助。）

 

其他

 

41. Why do you choose to be an ocean-going crew?（为什么选择远洋船员作为职业？）

- 答：Because I have a passion for the sea, and I hope to accumulate experience in international shipping and realize my personal value.（因为我热爱海洋，希望在国际航运中积累经验，实现个人价值。）

42. How do you balance your sea-going work and family life?（你如何平衡海上工作与家庭生活？）

- 答：Keep in touch with my family through satellite phone every week, and focus on family companionship during vacations.（通过卫星电话每周与家人保持联系，休假期间专注于家庭陪伴。）

43. What are your short-term and long-term career goals?（你的短期与长期职业目标是什么？）

- 答：In the short-term, I hope to further improve my professional skills and become a more qualified Chief Officer. In the long-term, I aim to become a captain.（短期来看，我希望进一步提升自己的专业技能，成为更合格的大副。长期来看，我目标是成为船长。）

44. How do you keep your maritime knowledge up-to-date?（你如何保持航海知识的更新？）

- 答：Regularly participate in the new-regulation training organized by the company, and pay attention to the updates on the IMO official website.（定期参加公司组织的新规培训，关注国际海事组织官方网站更新。）

45. What qualities do you think are most needed for ocean-going crew members?（你认为远洋船员最需要哪些品质？）

- 答：Responsibility, adaptability, and the ability to make calm judgments in high-pressure environments.（责任心、适应能力，以及在高压环境下冷静判断的能力。）

 46. How do you check the integrity of the ship's hull?（如何检查船体完整性？）

- 答：I visually inspect the shell plating for any signs of cracks, dents or corrosion. Also, check the weld seams, and use ultrasonic or other non - destructive testing methods if necessary.（我会目视检查船壳板是否有裂缝、凹陷或腐蚀迹象。还要检查焊缝，必要时使用超声波或其他无损检测方法。）

47. What is the importance of maintaining the ship's stability?（保持船舶稳性的重要性是什么？）

- 答：Maintaining ship stability is crucial for the safety of the vessel, crew, and cargo. It prevents the ship from capsizing in various sea conditions and ensures smooth operation during navigation, loading, and unloading.（保持船舶稳性对船舶、船员和货物的安全至关重要。它能防止船舶在各种海况下倾覆，并确保在航行、装卸货时平稳运行。）

48. How do you calculate the ship's stability?（如何计算船舶稳性？）

- 答：We calculate the ship's stability by considering factors such as the center of gravity, metacentric height, and the distribution of weight on board. Formulas and stability calculation software are used based on the ship's data.（我们通过考虑重心、初稳性高度以及船上重量分布等因素来计算船舶稳性。根据船舶数据使用相关公式和稳性计算软件。）

49. What are the main factors affecting the ship's draft?（影响船舶吃水的主要因素有哪些？）

- 答：The main factors include the weight of the cargo, ballast water, fuel, and the ship's own weight. Also, changes in water density due to different sea areas can affect the draft.（主要因素包括货物重量、压载水、燃油以及船舶自身重量。此外，不同海域水密度的变化也会影响吃水。）

50. How do you manage the ballast water on board?（如何管理船上的压载水？）

- 答：I follow the ballast water management plan. Monitor the quantity, quality, and exchange operations according to regulations. Ensure proper treatment to prevent the spread of invasive species.（我遵循压载水管理计划。按照规定监测压载水的数量、质量和置换操作。确保进行适当处理，防止外来物种传播。）

51. What are the main functions of the anchor?（锚的主要作用是什么？）

- 答：The main functions of the anchor are to moor the ship in a fixed position, prevent the ship from drifting in port or in case of emergency during navigation, and assist in ship maneuvering in some situations.（锚的主要作用是将船舶系泊在固定位置，防止船舶在港口或航行中紧急情况下漂移，并在某些情况下辅助船舶操纵。）

52. Describe the process of anchoring operation.（描述抛锚操作的过程。）

- 答：First, select a suitable anchoring location, check the wind, current, and seabed conditions. Then, inform the engine room and the crew. Slowly lower the anchor while paying attention to the anchor chain release speed. Monitor the ship's position and the tension of the anchor chain.（首先，选择合适的锚地，检查风向、水流和海底状况。然后，通知机舱和船员。缓慢下放锚，同时注意锚链的释放速度。监控船舶位置和锚链张力。）

53. How do you maintain the ship's life - saving equipment?（如何维护船舶的救生设备？）

- 答：Regularly check the life - saving equipment such as lifeboats, life - rafts, life - jackets, and life - buoys for any damage or malfunction. Conduct functional tests, replace expired items, and ensure they are clean and properly stowed.（定期检查救生艇、救生筏、救生衣和救生圈等救生设备是否有损坏或故障。进行功能测试，更换过期物品，并确保它们清洁且妥善存放。）

54. What are the main types of fire - fighting equipment on board?（船上主要的消防设备有哪些？）

- 答：Main fire - fighting equipment includes fire extinguishers (such as CO₂, dry powder, and foam extinguishers), fire hydrants, fixed fire - fighting systems (such as sprinkler systems and gas - based fire - fighting systems), and fire - resistant clothing.（主要的消防设备包括灭火器（如二氧化碳、干粉和泡沫灭火器）、消防栓、固定灭火系统（如喷淋系统和气体灭火系统）以及防火服。）

55. How do you conduct a fire - fighting drill?（如何进行消防演习？）

- 答：Sound the fire alarm, simulate the fire situation. Crew members should quickly assemble at the designated area, wearing appropriate protective equipment. Use fire - fighting equipment to extinguish the "fire", and practice evacuation procedures.（发出火警警报，模拟火灾情况。船员应迅速在指定区域集合，穿戴好相应的防护装备。使用消防设备扑灭“火灾”，并演练疏散程序。）

56. What is the function of the AIS (Automatic Identification System)?（船舶自动识别系统（AIS）的功能是什么？）

- 答：AIS automatically broadcasts the ship's identity, position, course, speed, and other information, which helps in ship - to - ship communication, collision avoidance, and traffic management.（AIS自动播发船舶的身份、位置、航向、航速等信息，有助于船与船之间的通信、避碰和交通管理。）

57. How do you use the radar for navigation?（如何使用雷达进行导航？）

- 答：Adjust the radar range, gain, and other parameters according to the situation. Identify targets on the radar screen, measure their distances and bearings, and use this information to determine the ship's position relative to other vessels and obstacles for safe navigation.（根据情况调整雷达量程、增益等参数。在雷达屏幕上识别目标，测量它们的距离和方位，并利用这些信息确定船舶相对于其他船只和障碍物的位置，以确保安全航行。）

58. What are the requirements for the ship's lighting during navigation?（航行中船舶照明有哪些要求？）

- 答：The ship must have proper navigation lights, including masthead lights, side lights, stern lights, and anchor lights. These lights should be in good condition and turned on according to the navigation rules at night or in low - visibility conditions.（船舶必须有适当的航行灯，包括桅灯、舷灯、尾灯和锚灯。这些灯应处于良好状态，并在夜间或低能见度条件下根据航行规则开启。）

59. How do you ensure the security of the ship when berthed?（船舶靠泊时如何确保安全？）

- 答：Set up proper mooring lines, monitor the ship's position and the tension of the mooring lines. Keep a lookout for any potential hazards, such as other vessels approaching too close or dockside equipment malfunctions. Also, ensure the security of the ship's access points.（设置合适的系泊缆绳，监控船舶位置和系泊缆绳的张力。注意任何潜在危险，如其他船只靠得太近或码头设备故障。还要确保船舶出入口的安全。）

60. What is the procedure for receiving provisions on board?（船上接收物料的程序是什么？）

- 答：First, check the order list and the delivered items to ensure they match. Inspect the quality and quantity of the provisions. Then, record the received items in the relevant logbook and store them properly in the designated areas.（首先，检查订单清单和交付的物品，确保它们一致。检查物料的质量和数量。然后，在相关日志簿中记录接收的物品，并将它们妥善存放在指定区域。）

61. How do you handle the waste on board?（如何处理船上的垃圾？）

- 答：Classify the waste according to regulations, such as general waste, hazardous waste, and oily waste. General waste is either stored for shore - side disposal or incinerated on board if permitted. Hazardous waste is handled strictly following the relevant regulations, and oily waste is treated in the oily - water separator.（按照规定对垃圾进行分类，如普通垃圾、危险垃圾和含油垃圾。普通垃圾要么储存起来等待岸上处理，要么在允许的情况下在船上焚烧。危险垃圾严格按照相关规定处理，含油垃圾在油水分离器中处理。）

62. What are the main contents of the ship's safety inspection?（船舶安全检查的主要内容有哪些？）

- 答：It includes the inspection of the ship's structure, equipment (such as navigation equipment, fire - fighting equipment, life - saving equipment), crew's certificates, operation procedures, and compliance with relevant regulations.（包括检查船舶结构、设备（如导航设备、消防设备、救生设备）、船员证书、操作程序以及遵守相关法规的情况。）

63. How do you respond to a PSC (Port State Control) inspection?（如何应对港口国监督（PSC）检查？）

- 答：Ensure all ship's documents are in order and up - to - date. Keep the ship and its equipment in good condition. Cooperate fully with the inspectors, answer their questions accurately, and take immediate corrective actions if any deficiencies are found.（确保所有船舶文件齐全且是最新的。保持船舶及其设备处于良好状态。与检查人员充分合作，准确回答他们的问题，如果发现任何缺陷，立即采取纠正措施。）

64. What is the difference between a voyage charter and a time charter?（航次租船和定期租船有什么区别？）

- 答：In a voyage charter, the shipowner provides the ship for a specific voyage, and the charterer pays for the transportation of the cargo for that voyage. In a time charter, the shipowner leases the ship to the charterer for a certain period, and the charterer is responsible for the operation and management of the ship during that time.（在航次租船中，船东为特定航次提供船舶，承租人支付该航次货物的运输费用。在定期租船中，船东将船舶租赁给承租人一段特定时间，承租人在此期间负责船舶的运营和管理。）

65. What are the responsibilities of the shipowner and the charterer in a time charter?（定期租船中船东和承租人的责任分别是什么？）

- 答：The shipowner is responsible for the ship's seaworthiness, crew management, and some maintenance costs. The charterer is responsible for the operation of the ship, including voyage planning, cargo loading and unloading, and paying for fuel, port charges, etc.（船东负责船舶的适航性、船员管理和一些维修费用。承租人负责船舶的运营，包括航次计划、货物装卸，并支付燃油、港口费用等。）

66. How do you calculate the freight in a voyage charter?（航次租船中如何计算运费？）

- 答：Freight is usually calculated based on the quantity of cargo loaded, the agreed freight rate per unit (such as per ton or per cubic meter), and sometimes other factors like the distance of the voyage and additional charges for special services.（运费通常根据装载的货物数量、约定的单位运费率（如每吨或每立方米）来计算，有时还会考虑其他因素，如航次距离和特殊服务的额外费用。）

67. What is the meaning of "laytime" in chartering?（租船中“装卸时间”的含义是什么？）

- 答：Laytime refers to the period agreed in the charter party during which the charterer can load and unload the cargo without incurring demurrage charges. If the loading or unloading exceeds this time, demurrage may be payable.（装卸时间是指租船合同中约定的承租人可以装卸货物而不产生滞期费的期限。如果装卸时间超过这个期限，可能需要支付滞期费。）

68. What is demurrage and despatch?（什么是滞期费和速遣费？）

- 答：Demurrage is the amount paid by the charterer to the shipowner when the loading or unloading operations exceed the laytime. Despatch is the amount paid by the shipowner to the charterer when the loading or unloading is completed within a shorter time than the laytime.（滞期费是指当装卸作业超过装卸时间时，承租人向船东支付的费用。速遣费是指当装卸在比装卸时间更短的时间内完成时，船东向承租人支付的费用。）

69. How do you deal with a dispute between the shipowner and the charterer?（如何处理船东和承租人之间的纠纷？）

- 答：First, refer to the charter party to see if there are provisions for dispute resolution. Usually, attempts are made to resolve the dispute through negotiation. If negotiation fails, it may be resolved through arbitration or litigation according to the agreed - upon method in the contract.（首先，查阅租船合同，看是否有解决纠纷的条款。通常会尝试通过谈判解决纠纷。如果谈判失败，可能会根据合同中约定的方式通过仲裁或诉讼解决。）

70. What are the main types of marine insurance?（主要的海上保险类型有哪些？）

- 答：The main types include hull insurance, cargo insurance, protection and indemnity insurance (P&I), and freight insurance.（主要类型包括船舶保险、货物保险、保赔保险（P&I）和运费保险。）

71. What does hull insurance cover?（船舶保险承保哪些内容？）

- 答：Hull insurance covers losses and damages to the ship's hull, machinery, and equipment caused by perils of the sea, such as collision, grounding, fire, and natural disasters.（船舶保险承保因海上危险，如碰撞、搁浅、火灾和自然灾害等导致的船舶船体、机械和设备的损失和损坏。）

72. How do you report a marine insurance claim?（如何申报海上保险索赔？）

- 答：Immediately notify the insurance company after the occurrence of an insured event. Provide detailed information about the incident, such as the time, place, cause, and extent of the loss. Submit relevant documents, such as the bill of lading, survey reports, and invoices.（在保险事故发生后立即通知保险公司。提供有关事件的详细信息，如时间、地点、原因和损失程度。提交相关文件，如提单、检验报告和发票。）

73. What are the main tasks of the Chief Officer during the voyage?（航行中大副的主要任务有哪些？）

- 答：Monitor the ship's course, speed, and position. Supervise the cargo, ensure its safety and stability. Manage the deck crew, arrange maintenance work, and keep communication with the engine room and the bridge.（监控船舶的航向、航速和位置。监督货物，确保其安全和稳定。管理甲板船员，安排维修工作，并与机舱和驾驶台保持沟通。）

74. How do you train the deck crew?（如何培训甲板船员？）

- 答：I conduct regular on - board training sessions, including safety training, equipment operation training, and emergency response training. Provide hands - on demonstrations and theoretical explanations, and assess their learning progress through practical operations and written tests.（我定期进行船上培训课程，包括安全培训、设备操作培训和应急响应培训。提供实际演示和理论讲解，并通过实际操作和笔试评估他们的学习进度。）

75. What are the key points for managing the deck crew?（管理甲板船员的要点有哪些？）

- 答：Set clear work tasks and responsibilities, ensure good communication and teamwork, provide necessary support and resources, and fairly evaluate their work performance. Also, pay attention to their well - being and professional development.（明确工作任务和职责，确保良好的沟通和团队合作，提供必要的支持和资源，并公正地评估他们的工作表现。还要关注他们的福利和职业发展。）

76. How do you handle conflicts among the crew?（如何处理船员之间的冲突？）

- 答：First, listen to both sides of the story to understand the root cause of the conflict. Then, mediate through communication, encourage mutual understanding and respect. If necessary, make fair decisions based on the ship's rules and regulations.（首先，听取双方的说法，了解冲突的根源。然后，通过沟通进行调解，鼓励相互理解和尊重。如有必要，根据船舶的规章制度做出公平的决定。）

77. What is the role of the Chief Officer in the ship's safety management system?（大副在船舶安全管理体系中的作用是什么？）

- 答：Assist the captain in formulating and implementing the safety management system. Ensure the compliance of deck - related operations with safety regulations. Organize safety training and drills for the deck crew, and report safety - related issues to the captain in a timely manner.（协助船长制定和实施安全管理体系。确保甲板相关操作符合安全规定。为甲板船员组织安全培训和演习，并及时向船长报告安全相关问题。）

78. How do you ensure the implementation of the ship's safety regulations?（如何确保船舶安全规定的执行？）

- 答：Regularly conduct safety inspections, enforce strict discipline, and provide continuous safety education for the crew. Set a good example by following the regulations myself and take corrective actions immediately when violations are found.（定期进行安全检查，严格执行纪律，并为船员提供持续的安全教育。自己以身作则遵守规定，发现违规行为立即采取纠正措施。）

79. What are the main environmental protection requirements for ships?（船舶的主要环境保护要求有哪些？）

- 答：Control the discharge of pollutants such as oil, sewage, and garbage. Reduce air emissions, especially sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides. Comply with ballast water management regulations to prevent the spread of invasive species.（控制油类、污水和垃圾等污染物的排放。减少空气排放，特别是硫氧化物和氮氧化物。遵守压载水管理规定，防止外来物种传播。）

80. How does a ship reduce its environmental impact?（船舶如何减少对环境的影响？）

 - 答：Use advanced pollution-prevention equipment, such as efficient oily-water separators and exhaust gas cleaning systems. Optimize the ship's operation to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. Adopt eco-friendly navigational practices like slow steaming when possible to lower fuel use. Properly manage and dispose of all waste, including garbage, sewage, and hazardous materials, in compliance with MARPOL and other international regulations. Invest in green technologies such as hybrid propulsion systems or ships powered by renewable energy sources like wind-assisted propulsion. Regularly maintain equipment to ensure it operates efficiently and minimizes leaks or discharges.（使用先进的防污染设备，如高效油水分离器和废气净化系统。优化船舶运行以减少燃油消耗和排放。在可能的情况下采用环保航行方式，如低速航行以降低燃油使用量。按照《国际防止船舶造成污染公约》（MARPOL）和其他国际法规，妥善管理和处置所有废物，包括垃圾、污水和有害物质。投资绿色技术，如混合动力推进系统或采用风能辅助推进等可再生能源驱动的船舶。定期维护设备，确保其高效运行并最大限度减少泄漏或排放。）

81. How can a ship reduce air emissions?（船舶如何减少空气排放？）

- 答：Ships can reduce air emissions by using low - sulfur fuels, installing exhaust gas cleaning systems like scrubbers, and implementing selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions. Also, optimizing engine operation and improving fuel efficiency can help cut down on emissions.（船舶可以通过使用低硫燃料、安装如洗涤器之类的废气净化系统，以及采用选择性催化还原（SCR）技术来减少氮氧化物排放，从而降低空气排放。此外，优化发动机运行和提高燃油效率也有助于减少排放。）

82. What are the requirements for the disposal of oily waste on board?（船上含油废物的处理有哪些要求？）

- 答：Oily waste must be collected in dedicated storage tanks. It should be treated in an oily - water separator to reduce the oil content to the permitted level before discharge, if allowed. Otherwise, it must be stored for shore - side disposal. All operations should be accurately recorded in the Oil Record Book.（含油废物必须收集在专用储存罐中。如果允许排放，应在油水分离器中进行处理，将含油量降低到允许水平后再排放。否则，必须储存起来等待岸上处理。所有操作都应准确记录在油类记录簿中。）

83. How do you manage the sewage on board?（如何管理船上的污水？）

- 答：Sewage is collected in sewage tanks. Ships are equipped with sewage treatment plants to treat the sewage. The treated sewage should meet the relevant discharge standards before being discharged into the sea. If the ship is in a port area with shore - side sewage reception facilities, the sewage may be transferred to the shore for treatment.（污水收集在污水舱中。船舶配备污水处理装置对污水进行处理。处理后的污水在排放到海里之前应符合相关排放标准。如果船舶在有岸上污水接收设施的港区，污水可被输送到岸上进行处理。）

84. What are the main functions of the ship's ventilation system?（船舶通风系统的主要功能是什么？）

- 答：The main functions are to provide fresh air to the crew living areas, machinery spaces, and cargo holds. It helps to remove stale air, moisture, and harmful gases, maintaining a healthy and safe environment on board. Also, it plays a role in preventing the accumulation of explosive gases in some areas.（主要功能是为船员生活区、机舱和货舱提供新鲜空气。它有助于排出污浊空气、湿气和有害气体，维持船上健康安全的环境。此外，它在防止某些区域积聚易爆气体方面也发挥作用。）

85. How do you test the ship's ventilation system?（如何测试船舶通风系统？）

- 答：We can use an anemometer to measure the air velocity at different air inlets and outlets. Check the operation of fans, ducts, and dampers for any abnormal noises or blockages. Also, conduct air quality tests in relevant areas to ensure the ventilation system is functioning effectively.（我们可以使用风速仪测量不同进风口和出风口的风速。检查风机、风道和风门的运行情况，看是否有异常噪音或堵塞。此外，在相关区域进行空气质量测试，以确保通风系统有效运行。）

86. What is the procedure for handling a medical emergency on board?（船上处理医疗紧急情况的程序是什么？）

- 答：First, immediately call the ship's medical officer or the person in charge of medical matters. Provide first - aid treatment according to the situation, such as stopping bleeding, performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation if necessary. Use the ship's medical equipment and drugs to stabilize the patient's condition. If the situation is serious, contact the nearest medical assistance center or request shore - side medical evacuation.（首先，立即呼叫船上的医务人员或负责医疗事务的人员。根据情况进行急救处理，如止血，必要时进行心肺复苏。使用船上的医疗设备和药品稳定患者病情。如果情况严重，联系最近的医疗援助中心或请求岸上医疗后送。）

87. What medical equipment and drugs should be carried on board?（船上应配备哪些医疗设备和药品？）

- 答：Common medical equipment includes stethoscopes, blood pressure monitors, thermometers, first - aid kits with bandages, antiseptic solutions, and basic surgical instruments. Drugs usually cover painkillers, antibiotics, anti - seasickness medications, and drugs for treating common diseases like colds and diarrhea.（常见的医疗设备包括听诊器、血压计、体温计、装有绷带、消毒液的急救箱以及基本的手术器械。药品通常包括止痛药、抗生素、抗晕船药，以及治疗感冒和腹泻等常见疾病的药物。）

88. How do you ensure the freshness of the provisions on board?（如何确保船上物料的新鲜度？）

- 答：Store perishable provisions in proper temperature - controlled storage areas, such as refrigerators and freezers. Regularly check the expiration dates of dry provisions and rotate the stock to use the older items first. Keep the storage areas clean and well - ventilated to prevent spoilage.（将易腐物料存放在适当的温控储存区域，如冰箱和冰柜中。定期检查干货的保质期，并轮换库存，先使用较旧的物品。保持储存区域清洁通风，以防止变质。）

89. What is the role of the ship's storekeeper?（船舶物料管理员的职责是什么？）

- 答：The ship's storekeeper is responsible for managing the inventory of provisions, spare parts, and other supplies. He/she needs to order necessary items in a timely manner, check the quality and quantity of received goods, and maintain proper storage conditions. Also, keep accurate records of all inventory - related transactions.（船舶物料管理员负责管理物料、备件和其他物资的库存。需要及时订购必要物品，检查接收货物的质量和数量，并维持合适的储存条件。还要准确记录所有与库存相关的交易。）

90. How do you communicate with the shore - side management during the voyage?（航行中如何与岸上管理部门沟通？）

- 答：We use satellite communication systems, VHF (Very H