四、应急处理（10 条）

1.Q：船舶发生搁浅事故后，作为三副应立即采取哪些应急行动？

A：首先立即向船长报告搁浅位置、时间及船舶倾斜情况，协助船长发出搁浅警报，召集船员按应急部署表行动；检查货舱、机舱是否有进水情况，通过测深仪监测周围水深，判断搁浅区域的地质（如泥沙、岩石），为后续脱浅提供参考；关闭搁浅区域附近的水密门和阀门，防止海水进入船舶内部；协助记录船舶搁浅时的船位、吃水、倾斜角度及水文气象数据，同时拍摄现场照片或视频；若船舶有倾覆风险，协助组织人员穿戴救生衣，准备好救生设备，随时待命；根据船长指令，协助调整压载水（如排出搁浅一侧的压载水），或利用船上设备（如锚机）尝试脱浅，过程中密切关注船舶结构变形情况，若发现船体破损加剧，立即向船长报告并调整应急方案。

Q：After the ship runs aground, what emergency actions should you take immediately as a third mate?

A：First, immediately report the grounding position, time and ship inclination to the captain, assist the captain in issuing a grounding alarm, and assemble the crew to act according to the emergency deployment list; check whether there is water ingress in the cargo hold and engine room, monitor the surrounding water depth through the depth sounder, and judge the geology of the grounding area (such as sediment, rock) to provide reference for subsequent refloating; close the watertight doors and

valves near the grounding area to prevent seawater from entering the ship's interior; assist in recording the ship's position, draft, inclination angle and hydrometeorological data when grounding, and take on-site photos or videos at the same time; if the ship is at risk of capsizing, assist in organizing personnel to wear life jackets, prepare life-saving equipment and stand by at any time; according to the captain's instructions, assist in adjusting the ballast water (such as discharging the ballast water on the grounding side) or use on-board equipment (such as the windlass) to attempt refloating. During the process, closely monitor the deformation of the ship's structure. If the hull damage is found to be aggravated, immediately report to the captain and adjust the emergency plan.

2.Q：当船舶遭遇海盗袭击时，作为三副应如何配合船长开展应急行动？

A：立即按船长指令启动船舶反海盗应急预案，协助关闭驾驶台、货舱、机舱等关键区域的门窗和水密门，防止海盗进入；操作船舶的防海盗设备，如释放防海盗刺网、开启高压水炮，对海盗登船路径进行拦截；通过 VHF 甚高频或卫星电话向附近船舶、沿岸国海事部门及公司报告海盗袭击情况，提供船舶位置、海盗数量及袭击方式等信息；协助组织船员前往安全舱室躲避，确保船员携带必要的通讯设备和应急物资；在安全前提下，通过监控设备观察海盗动态，记录海盗特征（如服装、使用工具）及船舶受损情况，为后续调查提供证据；若海盗已登船，避免与海盗发生正面冲突，待外部救援到达后，配合救援人员提供现场信息，协助开展救援行动。

Q：When the ship is attacked by pirates, how should you cooperate with the captain to carry out emergency actions as a third mate?

A：Immediately start the ship's anti-piracy emergency plan according to the captain's instructions, assist in closing the doors, windows and watertight doors of key areas such as the bridge, cargo hold and engine room to prevent pirates from entering; operate the ship's anti-piracy equipment, such as releasing anti-piracy spike nets and turning on high-pressure water cannons, to intercept the pirates' boarding path; report the piracy attack to nearby ships, coastal state maritime authorities and the company via VHF or satellite phone, providing information such as the ship's position, number of pirates and attack method; assist in organizing crew members to take shelter in the safe cabin, ensuring that crew members carry necessary communication equipment and emergency supplies; under safe conditions, observe the pirates' dynamics through monitoring equipment, record the pirates' characteristics (such as clothing, tools used) and the ship's damage status to provide evidence for subsequent investigations; if pirates have boarded the ship, avoid direct conflict with the pirates. After external rescue arrives, cooperate with the rescuers to provide on-site information and assist in carrying out rescue operations.

3.Q：船舶发生人员落水事故后，你作为三副应立即采取哪些措施？

A：首先立即大声呼喊 “有人落水”，同时向船长报告落水人员位置、时间及当时的海况（如风向、流向、浪高）；协助船长启动人员落水应急部署，抛出就近的救生圈（附带自亮浮灯和烟雾信号），标记落水人员位置；若船舶正在航行，按船长指令协助调整航向，使船舶处于落水人员上风侧，避免螺旋桨伤害落水人员；操作雷达持续跟踪落水人员位置，若夜间或低能见度天气，开启船舶探照灯照射落水区域；协助准备救生艇或救生筏，检查救生设备（如救生衣、急救箱、通讯设备）是否齐全，待船长指令下达后，协助船员放下救生艇进行救援；救援过程中，通过 VHF 与救生艇保持通讯，指引救援方向，待落水人员被救起后，协助开展急救处理（如保暖、人工呼吸），并记录事故经过和救援情况。

Q：After a person falls overboard from the ship, what measures should you take immediately as a third mate?

A：First, immediately shout "Man overboard" loudly, and at the same time report the position and time of the person overboard and the current sea conditions (such as wind direction, current direction, wave height) to the captain; assist the captain in starting the man-overboard emergency deployment, throw the nearest life buoy (with self-illuminating light and smoke signal) to mark the position of the person overboard; if the ship is sailing, assist in adjusting the course according to the captain's instructions to keep the ship on the windward side of the person overboard, avoiding the propeller from harming the person overboard; operate the radar to continuously track the position of the person overboard. In night or low-visibility weather, turn on the ship's searchlight to illuminate the overboard area; assist in preparing the lifeboat or life raft, check whether the life-saving equipment (such as life jackets, first-aid kits, communication equipment) is complete, and after the captain's instruction is issued, assist the crew in lowering the lifeboat for rescue; during the rescue process, maintain communication with the lifeboat via VHF, guide the rescue direction, and after the person overboard is rescued, assist in carrying out first-aid treatment (such as keeping warm, artificial respiration) and record the accident process and rescue situation.

4.Q：当船舶主机突然故障失去动力时，作为三副应如何协助应对？

A：立即向船长报告主机故障情况，同时协助船长发出船舶失控信号（如悬挂 “RG” 国际信号旗、开启号灯号型），提醒周围船舶注意避让；操作雷达加强对周围船舶动态的监测，记录附近船舶的船位、航向、航速，评估碰撞风险，及时向船长反馈；协助关闭船舶水密门和通风口，检查货舱、压载舱是否有进水情况，确保船舶浮力和稳性；与机舱保持密切沟通，了解主机故障原因和维修进度，将信息及时传递给船长；若船舶处于狭水道或近岸水域，协助船长调整压载水，尝试使用锚机抛锚稳定船位，避免船舶搁浅或碰撞；准备好救生设备，若故障无法短期内排除且存在安全隐患，协助组织船员做好应急撤离准备；待主机修复后，协助船长测试主机运行状态，确认正常后恢复航行，并记录主机故障处理过程和航行恢复情况。

Q：When the ship's main engine suddenly fails and loses power, how should you assist in responding as a third mate?

A：Immediately report the main engine failure to the captain, and at the same time assist the captain in sending the ship's out-of-control signal (such as hoisting the "RG" international signal flag, turning on signal lights and shapes) to remind surrounding ships to avoid collision; operate the radar to strengthen the monitoring of the dynamics of surrounding ships, record the position, course and speed of nearby ships, assess the collision risk, and feed back to the captain in a timely manner; assist in closing the ship's watertight doors and vents, check whether there is water ingress in the cargo hold and ballast tank to ensure the ship's buoyancy and stability; maintain close communication with the engine room, understand the cause of the main engine failure and the maintenance progress, and transmit the information to the captain in a timely manner; if the ship is in a narrow waterway or inshore waters, assist the captain in adjusting the ballast water, try to use the windlass to drop the anchor to stabilize the ship's position, avoiding the ship from grounding or colliding; prepare life-saving equipment. If the fault cannot be eliminated in a short time and there are potential safety hazards, assist in organizing the crew to prepare for emergency evacuation; after the main engine is repaired, assist the captain in testing the main engine's operation status, resume navigation after confirming it is normal, and record the main engine fault handling process and navigation recovery situation.

5.Q：船舶发生油类泄漏事故（如燃油舱泄漏）时，你应采取哪些应急措施？

A：首先立即向船长报告泄漏位置、泄漏量及泄漏原因，协助船长启动船舶油污应急计划，同时向附近海事部门报告事故情况；协助关闭泄漏油舱的相关阀门（如进油阀、出油阀），切断油源，若泄漏点较小，使用堵漏材料（如专用油舱堵漏胶、木塞）进行临时封堵；在泄漏区域周围放置吸油毡、围油栏，防止油污扩散至水域，避免污染范围扩大；禁止在泄漏区域及油污水域附近进行明火作业，防止发生火灾或爆炸；协助收集泄漏的油污，将收集的油污存入专用污油舱，避免随意排放；记录油污泄漏的处理过程，包括采取的措施、处理时间、油污收集量等，待事故处理完成后，协助撰写油污事故报告；检查船舶油污应急设备（如吸油设备、围油栏）的完好性，及时补充消耗的物资，确保后续应急需求。

Q：When the ship has an oil leakage accident (such as fuel tank leakage), what emergency measures should you take?

A：First, immediately report the leakage position, leakage amount and leakage cause to the captain, assist the captain in starting the ship's oil pollution emergency plan, and at the same time report the accident to the nearby maritime authority; assist in closing the relevant valves of the leaking oil tank (such as oil inlet valve, oil outlet valve) to cut off the oil source. If the leakage point is small, use plugging materials (such as special oil tank plugging glue, wooden plugs) for temporary plugging; place oil absorbent mats and oil booms around the leakage area to prevent oil pollution from spreading to the water area and avoid expanding the pollution range; prohibit open flame operations near the leakage area and oil-polluted water area to prevent fire or explosion; assist in collecting the leaked oil, store the collected oil in a dedicated slop tank, and avoid random discharge; record the handling process of the oil leakage, including the measures taken, handling time, oil collection amount, etc. After the accident handling is completed, assist in writing the oil pollution accident report; check the integrity of the ship's oil pollution emergency equipment (such as oil absorption equipment, oil booms), and timely supplement the consumed materials to ensure subsequent emergency needs.

6.Q：当船舶遭遇强台风，面临严重横摇和巨浪时，作为三副应如何协助保障船舶安全？

A：协助船长检查船舶所有水密门、舱盖是否关闭严密，加固货舱内货物的系固装置，防止货物移位导致船舶稳性恶化；检查救生消防设备的固定情况，确保设备在巨浪冲击下不脱落，同时将易移动的设备和物品固定存放；操作雷达监测台风中心位置、移动路径及周围海域的船舶动态，及时向船长反馈台风变化信息；协助调整船舶航向和航速，按船长指令使船舶处于台风的上风侧或顺浪航行，减少台风对船舶的冲击力；关闭船舶非必要的电气设备，检查应急电源是否正常，确保在主电源故障时能及时切换；协助组织船员进行应急部署，确保每位船员明确自身职责，同时准备好急救箱和应急物资；持续记录台风期间的船舶摇摆角度、海况变化及采取的应对措施，待台风过后，协助检查船舶结构、设备及货物情况，记录受损情况并及时修复。

Q：When the ship encounters a strong typhoon and faces severe rolling and huge waves, how should you assist in ensuring the ship's safety as a third mate?

A：Assist the captain in checking whether all watertight doors and hatch covers of the ship are closed tightly, and reinforce the securing devices of the cargo in the cargo hold to prevent the cargo from shifting and causing the ship's stability to deteriorate; check the fixing of fire-fighting and life-saving equipment to ensure that the equipment does not fall off under the impact of huge waves, and at the same time fix and store easily movable equipment and items; operate the radar to monitor the typhoon center position, movement path and the dynamics of ships in the surrounding sea area, and timely feed back the typhoon change information to the captain; assist in adjusting the ship's course and speed, and make the ship be on the windward side of the typhoon or sail with the waves according to the captain's instructions to reduce the impact of the typhoon on the ship; turn off the ship's non-essential electrical equipment, check whether the emergency power supply is normal, and ensure that it can be switched in time when the main power supply fails; assist in organizing the crew to carry out emergency deployment, ensure that each crew member clarifies their own responsibilities, and at the same time prepare first-aid kits and emergency supplies; continuously record the ship's rolling angle, sea condition changes and the response measures taken during the typhoon. After the typhoon passes, assist in checking the ship's structure, equipment and cargo conditions, record the damage and repair in a timely manner.

7.Q：船舶发生锅炉缺水事故时，你作为三副应如何配合机舱人员处理？

A：立即向船长报告锅炉缺水情况，同时协助通知机舱人员启动锅炉缺水应急程序；在船长授权下，协助关闭锅炉的燃油供应阀和蒸汽出口阀，停止锅炉运行，防止锅炉干烧导致爆炸；协助机舱人员检查锅炉水位计，确认缺水程度，若为轻微缺水且锅炉壁温度未过高，在机舱人员指导下，缓慢向锅炉内注入软化水，避免水温骤升骤降损坏锅炉；若缺水严重且锅炉壁温度过高，严禁立即加水，需待锅炉自然冷却至安全温度后，再按规定补水；协助检查锅炉缺水原因，如是否为给水泵故障、水位计失灵或管路堵塞，记录故障原因及处理过程；待锅炉修复并重新注水后，协助机舱人员测试锅炉运行状态，确认压力、水位正常后，方可恢复使用，并向船长汇报处理结果。

Q：When the ship has a boiler water shortage accident, how should you cooperate with the engine room personnel to handle it as a third mate?

A：Immediately report the boiler water shortage to the captain, and at the same time assist in notifying the engine room personnel to start the boiler water shortage emergency procedure; under the captain's authorization, assist in closing the fuel supply valve and steam outlet valve of the boiler, stop the boiler operation to prevent the boiler from dry burning and causing explosion; assist the engine room personnel in checking the boiler water level gauge to confirm the degree of water shortage. If it is a slight water shortage and the boiler wall temperature is not too high, under the guidance of the engine room personnel, slowly inject softened water into the boiler to avoid damage to the boiler due to sudden temperature rise and fall; if the water shortage is serious and the boiler wall temperature is too high, it is strictly forbidden to add water immediately. It is necessary to wait for the boiler to cool down to a safe temperature naturally before replenishing water according to regulations; assist in checking the cause of the boiler water shortage, such as whether it is a feed pump failure, water level gauge failure or pipeline blockage, and record the cause of the fault and the handling process; after the boiler is repaired and refilled with water, assist the engine room personnel in testing the boiler's operation status, and only after confirming that the pressure and water level are normal can it be put back into use, and report the handling result to the captain.

8.Q：当船舶发生电气火灾（如配电板起火）时，应采取哪些针对性应急措施？

A：首先立即向船长报告火灾位置和类型，协助发出电气火灾警报，同时组织人员携带二氧化碳灭火器或干粉灭火器赶赴火灾现场（严禁使用水灭火，防止触电）；在确保自身安全的前提下，协助切断起火配电板的电源总开关及相关分开关，防止火势因持续供电而扩大；若火势较小，使用专用电气火灾灭火器对准火源根部喷射灭火，操作时佩戴绝缘手套，避免触电；若火势较大无法控制，协助关闭火灾区域的防火门，隔离火灾区域，防止火势蔓延至其他舱室；协助疏散火灾区域附近的船员，确保人员撤离至安全区域；火灾扑灭后，协助检查电气设备的受损情况，确认无复燃风险后，方可恢复部分必要电源；记录电气火灾的起因、处理过程及设备受损情况，待后续进行维修和安全评估。

Q（English）：When an electrical fire (such as a fire in the switchboard) occurs on the ship, what targeted emergency measures should be taken?

A（English）：First, immediately report the fire position and type to the captain, assist in issuing an electrical fire alarm, and at the same time organize personnel to rush to the fire site with carbon dioxide fire extinguishers or dry powder fire extinguishers (it is strictly forbidden to use water to put out the fire to prevent electric shock); on the premise of ensuring personal safety, assist in cutting off the main power switch and relevant branch switches of the fire switchboard to prevent the fire from expanding due to continuous power supply; if the fire is small, use a dedicated electrical fire extinguisher to spray at the root of the fire source, and wear insulating gloves during operation to avoid electric shock; if the fire is too large to be controlled, assist in closing the fire door in the fire area, isolate the fire area to prevent the fire from spreading to other cabins; assist in evacuating the crew near the fire area to ensure that personnel evacuate to a safe area; after the fire is extinguished, assist in checking the damage of electrical equipment, and only after confirming that there is no risk of re-ignition can part of the necessary power supply be restored; record the cause of the electrical fire, the handling process and the equipment damage, and conduct maintenance and safety assessment later.

9.Q：船舶接到附近船舶的遇险求救信号后，作为三副应如何协助船长开展搜救行动？

A：立即协助船长确认遇险船舶的位置、遇险类型（如搁浅、火灾、人员落水）及所需救援物资，通过雷达和 GPS 定位遇险船舶，规划本船的搜救航线；协助准备搜救所需设备，如救生艇、救生筏、急救箱、通讯设备（VHF 对讲机、卫星电话）及照明设备（探照灯、信号手电筒），检查设备完好性并确保可快速启用；协助组织搜救人员穿戴救生衣，明确分工（如救生艇操作、现场急救、通讯联络），确保搜救团队高效配合；在航行至搜救区域途中，通过 VHF 持续与遇险船舶保持通讯，了解其最新情况（如人员伤亡、船舶倾斜程度），及时向船长反馈以调整搜救方案；到达搜救区域后，协助操作雷达、望远镜搜索遇险目标，若夜间或低能见度环境，开启探照灯并按规定燃放信号弹，指引遇险船舶或人员发现本船；若发现遇险人员或船舶，协助放下救生艇开展救援，传递急救物资，对受伤人员进行初步急救处理；救援过程中，记录搜救时间、位置、救援对象数量及现场情况，确保搜救过程可追溯；待救援完成后，协助清点获救人员数量，整理救援设备，向船长汇报搜救结果，并按要求向海事部门提交搜救报告；若长时间未发现遇险目标，协助船长根据海事部门指令调整搜救范围或航线，直至收到终止搜救指令。

Q：After the ship receives a distress signal from a nearby ship, how should you assist the captain in carrying out search and rescue operations as a third mate?

A：Immediately assist the captain in confirming the distressed ship's position, distress type (such as grounding, fire, man overboard) and required rescue supplies, locate the distressed ship via radar and GPS, and plan the ship's search and rescue route; assist in preparing search and rescue equipment, such as lifeboats, life rafts, first-aid kits, communication equipment (VHF walkie-talkies, satellite phones) and lighting equipment (searchlights, signal flashlights), check the integrity of the equipment and ensure it can be quickly activated; assist in organizing search and rescue personnel to wear life jackets, clarify job responsibilities (such as lifeboat operation, on-site first aid, communication liaison) to ensure efficient cooperation of the search and rescue team; on the way to the search and rescue area, maintain continuous communication with the distressed ship via VHF, understand its latest situation (such as casualties, ship inclination degree), and timely feedback to the captain to adjust the search and rescue plan; after arriving at the search and rescue area, assist in operating radar and binoculars to search for distressed targets. In night or low-visibility environments, turn on searchlights and set off signal flares in accordance with regulations to guide the distressed ship or personnel to find the ship; if distressed personnel or ships are found, assist in lowering the lifeboat to carry out rescue, deliver first-aid supplies, and provide preliminary first-aid treatment for injured personnel; during the rescue process, record the search and rescue time, position, number of rescued targets and on-site situation to ensure the search and rescue process is traceable; after the rescue is completed, assist in counting the number of rescued personnel, organize rescue equipment, report the search and rescue results to the captain, and submit a search and rescue report to the maritime authority as required; if the distressed target is not found for a long time, assist the captain in adjusting the search and rescue scope or route according to the instructions of the maritime authority until receiving the instruction to terminate the search and rescue.

10.Q：当船舶发生船员突发疾病（如心脏病、急性腹痛）时，作为三副应如何开展应急处理？

A：首先立即向船长报告患病船员的姓名、症状、发病时间及当前状态，协助船长联系附近医疗救援机构（如通过卫星电话联系海上医疗咨询中心），描述病情获取专业医疗指导；快速前往船舶医务室，准备急救箱内的相关药品和设备（如速效救心丸、血压计、听诊器、担架），若船员出现呼吸困难，立即准备氧气瓶并协助佩戴；协助将患病船员转移至通风、安静的舱室，让其保持舒适体位（如心脏病患者取半坐卧位，腹痛患者取屈膝卧位），避免随意移动加重病情；根据医疗指导或自身急救知识，对船员进行初步处理，如测量血压、心率，为心脏病患者服用急救药物，为腹痛患者暂时禁食禁水；安排专人密切观察患病船员的意识、呼吸、脉搏等生命体征，记录变化情况并及时向船长反馈；若病情危急且附近有港口或医疗船，协助船长调整航线尽快靠近救援点，同时准备好救生设备，便于医疗人员登船救援或转移船员；待船员病情稳定或完成医疗转移后，整理急救记录，补充急救箱内消耗的药品和物资，协助船长分析发病原因（如是否与疲劳、饮食有关），制定后续船员健康保障措施（如调整值班安排、改善饮食）。

Q：When a crew member on the ship suddenly falls ill (such as heart disease, acute abdominal pain), how should you carry out emergency treatment as a third mate?

A：First, immediately report the name, symptoms, onset time and current status of the ill crew member to the captain, assist the captain in contacting nearby medical rescue institutions (such as contacting the maritime medical consultation center via satellite phone), and describe the condition to obtain professional medical guidance; quickly go to the ship's medical room, prepare relevant medicines and equipment in the first-aid kit (such as Suxiao Jiuxin Pills, sphygmomanometer, stethoscope, stretcher). If the crew member has difficulty breathing, immediately prepare an oxygen cylinder and assist in wearing it; assist in transferring the ill crew member to a well-ventilated and quiet cabin, let him maintain a comfortable position (such as a semi-sitting position for heart disease patients, a knee-bent position for abdominal pain patients), and avoid random movement to aggravate the condition; according to medical guidance or personal first-aid knowledge, conduct preliminary treatment for the crew member, such as measuring blood pressure and heart rate, administering emergency medicine to heart disease patients, and temporarily prohibiting food and water for abdominal pain patients; arrange for a dedicated person to closely observe the ill crew member's vital signs such as consciousness, breathing and pulse, record the changes and timely feedback to the captain; if the condition is critical and there is a port or medical ship nearby, assist the captain in adjusting the route to approach the rescue point as soon as possible, and prepare life-saving equipment at the same time to facilitate medical personnel to board the ship for rescue or transfer the crew member; after the crew member's condition stabilizes or the medical transfer is completed, organize emergency records, supplement the medicines and materials consumed in the first-aid kit, assist the captain in analyzing the cause of the illness (such as whether it is related to fatigue or diet), and formulate subsequent crew health protection measures (such as adjusting the watch schedule, improving diet).

远洋三副面试问题及参考答案上篇：https://edu.greenblogs.cn/article/3590