问题

如何制作积载计划？

Can you tell me how to make a stowage plan?

答案 

Based on the capacity of the hold, the stowage factors, types of cargo, loading and discharging ports rotation, I shall calculate the volume of the cargo that is to be loaded into different holds.  Then I shall calculate the draft of the vessel and trimming, shear force, bending moment to meet the requirements of the ship.  At last, stowage plan is made based on these factors.

  

问题

请简述你的教育背景和工作经历

Can you tell me about your educational background and working experience?

答案 

A reference answer:

 

I graduated from Jimei Navigation College in 1992. I studied there for three years. I have worked as a seamen on eight ships for nearly ten years. I have the experience of Chief Officer for two ships. I have worked both Chinese and foreign shipowners in the past ten years.

 

Of course, you may answer this question in a way that you like.

 

问题

货物操作前的注意事项

What precautions do you have to take before cargo operation is carried out?

答案 

I shall check the pre-cargo operation check lists to make sure that no item is missing. The following procedures are to be adopted:

 

1.the Chief Officer shall make a cargo operation plan, in which the following factors shall be considered: the cargo must be stowed in such way that the stability, trim, shearing forces and bending moments are within the limits as laid down by the stability manual; excessive weight on tank tops, tween decks and hatch covers must be avoided; and cargo must be stowed and secured in such way as to avoid damage- which can result in possible loss of life or property.

 

2.Pre-operation conference with all ship’s personnel to be involved in the cargo operation should be held to discuss such matters as cargo disposition, numbers of gangs and working hours, usual and special safety requirements, ballasting and de-ballasting information, special requirements regarding cargo operation, damage prevention and control, personnel organization, cargo watch etc. The Chief Officer must ensure that all relevant personnel have fully understood the intended cargo and all usual and special safety and operational requirements.

 

问题

你上条工作的船舶曾航行过哪些区域？

Where was your last vessel’s trading (sailing) area?

答案 

It was an world-wide ocean-going ship, but it was mainly loaded cargoes in Asia and discharged in Europe. She has also ever been to New Orleans, Long Beach, New York, Rotterdam, Hamburg and so on.

 

注意：大副应掌握世界主要地理名称的英文说法。

 

问题

请介绍一下积载因数

What does stowage factor （积载因素） mean?

答案 

A stowage factor of any cargo is the figure that expresses the number of cubic units of measure needed to accommodate one unit of weight- how many cubic meters is needed to stow one metric ton of certain goods.  Stowage factors should include allowance for dunnage, irregular size of certain goods, pallets and something else. Even the most carefully determined stowage factor is not absolute and it should be used only as a guide while planning cargo disposition.

 

问题

请介绍一下你曾经工作的船舶

Can you talk about the previous vessels (last vessel) you worked on board?

答案 

It was an ocean-going ship, but it was mainly loaded cargoes in Asia and discharged in Europe. It was an old ship about 14 years old. But the general condition of the ship was quite good because we did very good maintenance work ob board.

 

注意：以上只是参考答案，具体答案要结合自己的经历来回答。

 

问题

你是否有与外国船员一起工作的经历？试举例？

Did you have the experience of working with foreign crews? What were their nationalities?

答案 

The last two vessels I worked on had crew from several countries. The masters were from Indian, the Chief Engineers were from Hong Kong and Philippine and other seamen were from China, Indian Burma and Vietnam.

 

注意：应结合自己的实际经历进行回答。 

 

问题

大副的主要职责

Can you tell me the responsibilities of the Chief Officer?

答案 

Under the leadership of the Master, the Chief Officer shall carry out the daily management of the deck department. The C/O is also responsible for cargo handling.

 

The specific duties of a C/O include without limitation the following:

 

1.watch-keeping from 0400 – 0800 hours and 1600 – 2000 hours

 

2.B - safety of the ship and work place, safety equipment;

 

3.daily safety and sanitary inspection;

 

4.store and spare parts inventory management;

 

5.maintenance on deck;

 

6.stowage plan making

 

7.supervision of the loading and unloading process;

 

8.cargo caring on board.

 

9.I some other work and duties designated by the master of the vessel.

 

注意：以上只是大副的一般职责，回答时可根据自己的工作实际进行灵活发挥。

 

问题

在你以前工作船舶上，曾运输过什么货物？

What types of cargoes have ever been carried on board your last vessel?

 

I have worked on bulk carriers and general cargo vessels and I have experienced a lot of cargo handling. The last vessel I worked on is a handy-sized bulk carrier, which basically shipped such cargoes as wheat, coal and timber.

 

注意：这是一个很重要的问题，因为大副一个很重要的职责便是货物管理。大副应该对不同货物的装卸、配载、保管、单据、保险等相关问题清楚了解。

 

问题

在装/卸港口，如果发生装卸工人损坏货物、设备或船舶结构的情况，你应该如何处理？

If there happens stevedore damage to cargo, equipment or ship’s structure in the loading or discharging ports, what should you do?

答案 

If damage happens, I must record it first and then report it in an appropriate written form to the master and other parties concerned.  The report must be signed by the liable parties admitting they have (or have not) responsibility for the damage.  The damage report shall be carefully worded and shall be supported with photos and other evidence, if any. The damage report should also include the following contents: ship’s name, voyage number, date, geographical location, name of the person who took the photos and his signature, location where the photo was taken, and what is intended to show.

大副面试大纲

一，ISPS(2004年7月1日生效)：

1．船舶保安等级由谁颁布？

2．船上有哪些保安设备？

3．SSP由谁保管？如何保管？其它船员是否可以看？

4．作为一个船舶保安员（SSO）应具备哪些保安方面知识？

5．一般船上有哪些登船口？如何管制？

6．在不同保安等级情况下，梯口是如何管制？（尤其是官方或港口当局人员，装卸工人及船公司人员等）

7．何谓限制区域？船上限制区域是如何管制？

8．在港期间如何收受物料？

9．在何种情况下要签署和提交保安声明（DOS）？

10．培训/演习在时间上有哪些要求和规定？

11．ISSC，SSP，SSAS，AIS，IMO NBR，DOS，SSO，PFSO，CSO，MARSEC，RESTRICTED AREA。

 

二，ISM （1998年7月1日）：

1．ISM英文全称及主要目标？

2．对船上相应证书了解（DOC，SMC）。

3．何谓DP？

4．船上SPECIAL OPERATION一般指哪些操作？

5．何谓HOT WORK？其操作程序怎样？

6．何谓ENTERING ENCLOSED SPACE？其操作程序怎样？

7．对测氧仪/气体探测器使用方法及需送岸检测（CALIBRATION）周期了解程度。

8．在船上接受了何种培训或船上是如何进行相关培训？

9．在船上船长是如何发布简短命令？

10．在船上发现了不符合项或缺失是如何处理？

 

三，SOLAS （1974年）：

1．演习时间要求：至少每月参加一次弃船演习和消防演习；当换员人数和合并未参加上月演习人员超过1/4时，应在开航后24小时之内演习一次，如新接船，那么应在开航前举行这些演习；救生艇（包括救助艇）每三个月至少一次降落下水，并在水上进行操纵。

2．放艇要求：有2名船员能在不到5分钟内完成登乘和降落准备工作；所有救生艇/筏应能在发出弃船信号后10分钟内，载足全部人员及属具后降落水面。

3．对舵装置要求： 能在船舶最深航海吃水和以最大营运前进航速前进时将舵自一舷35度转至另一舷35度，以及于相同条件下在不超过28秒内将舵自一舷35度转至另一舷30度。每三个月至少进行一次应急操舵演习。

4．辅助操舵装置应： 在不超过60秒内将舵自一舷15度转至另一舷15度。

5．救生圈：船长150 – 200米，配备至少12只。

6．DAMAGE CONTROL PLAN （1992年2月1日）： 置于驾驶室固定显示或可随时使用。

7．消防员装备： 安全灯其照明时间至少为3小时，空气呼吸器可供使用时间至少30分钟。

8．引航梯两根安全绳直径不小于28MM，应牢固地系在船上，并有带有自亮灯救生圈。

9．L≥150M散货船均应配备装载仪（LOADING MASTER）。

 

四， STCW （78/95）

1． 有关值班人员休息时间规定：

1） 所有分派作为负责值班高级船员或组成值班部分普通船员应在百忙之中24小时内有至少10小时休息时间。

2） 休息时间可以分为至多不超过2个时间段，其中一个时间段至少要有6小时。

3） 在紧急、演习或在其它超常工作情况下不必保持第1和第2段规定关于休息时间要求。

4） 尽管有第1和第2段规定，10小时最短时间可以降到不少于连续6小时，条件是这种降低不得超过2天，并且7天时间内提供休息时间不少于70小时

5） 主管机关应要求将值班安排表张贴在显而易见处。

2．关于酗酒指导

1）将值班期间血液中酒精含量（BAC）最大值0.08%规定为其船上工作最低安全标准;并且

2）禁止值班人员在值班前4小时内喝酒。

 

五， MARPOL（73/78）

1．    附则I – 特殊区域：地中海区域、波罗海区域、黑海区域、红海区域、海湾区域、亚丁弯区域和南极区域。

2．（油类记录本）在船保存至少3年。

3．垃圾处理特殊区域：地中海区域、波罗海区域、黑海区域、红海区域、海湾区域、北海区域、南极区域以及泛加勒比海区域。

1）除食品垃圾≥12海里可处理如海外，其它垃圾不准处理入海；

2）在泛加勒比海区域，经粉碎处理食品垃圾≥3海里（≤25mm）可处理入海。

4．400总吨及以上船舶和核定载运15名或以上人员船舶，均应备有1份[垃圾管理计划]和[垃圾记录薄]。

1）[垃圾记录薄]记录应用船旗国政府官方语言和英文书写；

2）每次排放或焚烧记录应包括日期、时间、船位、垃圾种类和垃圾估算量；

3）在船至少保留2年；

4）船上垃圾数量应以立方米估算，如有可能应按类别分别估算。

5． 船上有哪些MATERIALS是不能处理入海？

6． 塑料垃圾能否在船上焚烧？

7． 厨房内粉碎机在港内能否使用？

8． OIL SLUDGE船上是如何处理？

9． 在港内能否排放洗舱水？

10． 食品垃圾袋是如何处置？

11． 船上有哪些防污材料？平时是如何养护？

 

六，载重线公约（1966）： 载重线季节区域有哪些？

 

七，船舶保险

1．P AND I CLUB 全称是什么？

2．P AND I CLUB/HULL AND MACHINERY INSURANCE 各投保什么险？

3．船靠泊时撞码头，船体和码头都有损坏，应如何向保险公司索赔？

 

八，租船业务

1．期租与航租有何区别？船东和租家各应负担哪些费用？

2．什么叫交船和还船？属于期租还是程租？

3．FIOST含义是什么？

4．a.由于船方原因如克令吊故障，造成装卸货延缓，会造成OFF-HIRE吗？

b.港口装货效率很高，装货时间仅为13小时，而船上排压载水时间需要15小时，由此造成2小时装货延缓，会造成OFF-HIRE吗？

c.在完货之前，应船方要求比正常情况多看了一次水尺，由此造成装货暂停，用时达30分钟，此种情况会造成OFF-HIRE吗？

 

九，操船

1．雾航规则理解和执行

2．在狭水道和分隔带中船舶操纵避让有何特点？

3．抛锚作业（八字锚、深水抛锚法）

4．对DCPA理解（放洋/沿岸）

5．进入大风浪区域前/中/后应注意什么问题或做哪些准备工作？

6．何谓平行标线法（PARALLEL INDEXING）？

7．救助落水人员操船方法（简述）？

8．碰撞/搁浅后应采取初步措施有哪些？

9．航行中双锚是如何固定？

 

十，货运和配载

1．计算货载应注意什么或应考虑哪些因素？（装卸港水尺限制和比重、所经洋区载重线区域限制、船舶常数、存油水、中拱/中垂、途中加油水等）

2．在计算货载时，如碰到条款中规定MIN/MAX时应注意什么问题？

3．LOADING/UNLOADING SEQUENCE为何？其中有哪些基本要素？

4．船上LOADING MASTER需要哪个机构认可（APPROVAL）？

5．装粮三个稳性规范要求（IMO）？

6．怎样预防粮食WET DAMAGE？HEAT DAMAGE？

7．怎样预防货损货差？发生货损货差怎么办？

8．如何避免超载？SHORE SCALE和DRAFT SURVEY数字有差异时，应如何处理？

9．在装卸货过程中，如岸方坚持雨中作业，大副应如何处理？

10．到港后如无ORIGINAL BILL OF LADING，是否允许卸货？如收货人给船上提供保函是否让卸？如何处理此类问题？

11．在装卸货过程中，如岸方提出同一舱使用两克令吊作业，大副应如何处理？

12．舱盖水密试验有哪几种？HOSE TEST和CHALK TEST如何操作？

13．HATCH COAMING围槽有汗水排水孔，其有什么特殊装置？

14．发生工残（STEVEDORE DAMAGE）怎么办？

15．装粮、水泥、盐、钢材各应注意哪些要点？

16．BC CODE和BLU CODE有何区别？

17．如何进行大件货绑扎或衬垫？在船上参阅哪本书？

18．LAST TRIMMING一般余留多少吨货？

19．签署MATE‘S RECEIPT应注意哪些问题？

20．木材船稳性如何计算？一般计算时甲板木材吸水量为多少？开航时，摇摆周期一般为多少秒？

 

十一，过运河

1．过运河前准备工作有哪些？

2．有何RESTRICTION？

3．从SSW到TFW船舶水尺有何变化？

 

十二，GMDSS

1．船上有哪些GMDSS设备？

2．在何种设备上有DSC？如何测试DSC？

3．你在船上负责哪些设备测试工作？

4．GMDSS应记录哪些内容？

5．AIS是什么设备？英文全称以及如何使用？

 

十三，大副交接应注意什么问题？

 

十四，一般大副应完成哪些SMS报表？

 

十五，压载水更换有哪几种方法？各自优缺点是什么？OVERFLOW要达到所换舱容百分之多少才符合标准？在航海日志上记录时，EMPTY/REFILL方式换舱间隔时间是否可连续？

 

十六，如何测定磁罗经自差（DEV/VAR）？在船上有否进行过天体定位？

 

十七，克令吊在正常作业时最低/最高仰角是多少？有否更换过钢丝？钢丝油多长时间刷一次？能否允许一个舱同时使用双克令吊作业？

 

十八，是否修过船？修船单如何开？修船时应注意什么问题？

 

十九，怎样管理好甲板部？与机舱如何协调？跟船长如何合作好？

 

二十，船上伙食如何管理？

 

二十一，是否碰到过USCG，AMSA检查？请简述检查过程？请简述为了顺利通过港口国检查，船上应做好哪些准备工作？

 

二十二，计算机操作如何？WORD和EXCEL各有什么区别？功能有何不同？

 

二十三，外派最重要应注意什么？

 

二十四，英文

1．问题

1．Can you tell me about your educational background and your experience as a Captain?

2．Can you tell me the responsibilities of the Chief Officer?

3．Can you describe the access control while vessel in port during ship security level 1?

4．Can you describe the preparation procedures before entering the US ports?

5．What’s meaning of P&I Club? What’s coverage provided by P&I club?

6．How often at least should the Emergency Steering Drill be carried out?

7．On board your previous vessels, how often did you conduct a fire-fighting drill and abandon ship drill?

8．Can you describe the Garbage Disposal Procedures on board your last ship?

9．Can you tell me how to make a stowage plan?

10．How do you keep proper ventilation during the voyage from warn to cold area or vice-versa when laden with rice in bags?

11．Before vessel arrives at the discharging port, you found some quantity of the surface cargo was wet damaged, how would you handle it?

12．What will you do if cargo damage is found or suspected before loading or during loading?

13．If there is stevedore damage happened, what should you do?

14．Do you allow cargo discharge without being shown the B/L?

15．What is the maximum blood alcohol concentration (BAC) rate for crew on board?

16．Under heavy weather conditions, what preparations should you make before sailing?

17．As the Chief Officer, what precautions do you have to take to prepare for the PSC inspection?

18．What precautions do you have to take before entering an enclosed space?

19．What checks do you have make before any hot work is permitted?

20．What is the method usually we take for ballast water change? Can you describe the respectively specialty for Empty/Refill and Overflow?

21．Before and during dry-docking for the vessel, what should a Chief Officer do?

22．What actions should be taken when restricted visibility is encountered or expected?

 

1．缩写

BM， SF， TST，TCT，TPC，MTC，SSW，TFW，SWAD，SWSD，EPIRB，EEBD，SSAS，AIS，SART，NBDP，EGC，DSC，CFR，UKC，DWT，LOA，GRT，NRT，WIAS，DBT， 文章导读： 问题 如何制作积载计划？ Can you tell me how to make a stowage plan? 答案  Based on the capacity of the hold, the stowage factors, types of cargo, loading and discharging ports...