67. 问：引航员坚持危险操作（如狭水道追越）怎么办？

答： 行使船长最终决策权，拒绝执行并记录在航海日志。

Q: What if a pilot insists on dangerous operations (e.g., overtaking in narrow channels)?

A: Exercise master’s ultimate decision-making authority, refuse execution, and record in logbook.

68. 问：船员集体食物中毒，如何应急？

答： 启动医疗应急预案；隔离可疑食品；请求岸基医疗支援；优先靠港。

Q: Emergency response to mass food poisoning among crew?

A: Activate medical emergency plan; isolate suspect food; request shore-based medical support; prioritize port call.

69. 问：货舱发现偷渡者（Stowaway）如何处理？

答： 限制其活动；报告公司、代理和港口国；提供基本人道援助。

Q: How to handle stowaways found in cargo holds?

A: Restrict their movement; report to company, agent, and port state; provide basic humanitarian aid.

70. 问：船舶被海盗登船，已撤至安全舱，后续行动？

答： 持续发送船舶保安警报系统警报；通过应急无线电示位标求救；通过安全舱监控观察海盗动向。

Q: Ship boarded by pirates, crew evacuated to citadel – follow-up actions?

A: Continuously send SSAS alerts; send distress via EPIRB; monitor pirate movements through citadel surveillance.

十五、行业趋势与新技术 (Industry Trends and New Technologies)

71. 问：如何理解CII（碳强度指标）对散货船的影响？

答： 需优化航速、减少空载时间，使用节能技术（如桨毂鳍、空气润滑）。

Q: How to understand the impact of CII (Carbon Intensity Indicator) on bulk carriers?

A: Need to optimize speed, reduce ballast time, and adopt energy-saving technologies (e.g., propeller boss cap fins, air lubrication).

72. 问：使用LNG作为燃料的散货船有哪些风险？

答： 低温燃料泄漏导致脆裂；需特殊培训（IGF规则）；加注港口有限。

Q: What risks exist for bulk carriers using LNG as fuel?

A: Cryogenic fuel leakage causing brittle fracture; need for special training (IGF Code); limited bunkering ports.

73. 问：无人机（Drone）在船舶检查中的应用？

答： 可替代高风险高空/封闭空间检查，但需符合船旗国法规。

Q: Application of drones in ship inspections?

A: Can replace high-risk overhead/confined space inspections but must comply with flag state regulations.

74. 问：区块链在提单（B/L）中的优势？

答： 防篡改、加速文件流转，但需港口/银行系统兼容。

Q: Advantages of blockchain in Bill of Lading (B/L)?

A: Tamper-proof, accelerates document flow, but requires compatibility with port/bank systems.

75. 问：IMO 2030/2050减排目标对船长的要求？

答：需熟悉现有船舶能效指数 碳强度指标计算 推动生物燃料/氨能等新技术应用

Q: What are the requirements for captains under IMO's 2030/2050 emission reduction targets?

A: Need to be familiar with EEXI and CII calculations and promote the application of new technologies such as biofuels/ammonia energy

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十六、保险与法律（Insurance and Law）

76. 问：共同海损发生时船长需立即采取的行动？

答：宣布共同海损并通知所有利益方，保存相关证据（日志、照片），配合理算师调查。

Q: What immediate actions should a captain take when general average occurs?

A: Declare general average and notify all interested parties, preserve relevant evidence (logs, photos), and cooperate with average adjusters in the investigation.

77. 问：保赔协会在船舶事故中的作用？

答：提供法律支持、费用担保（如救助押金）、污染赔偿及船员医疗费用覆盖。

Q: What is the role of P&I Club in ship accidents?

A: Provide legal support, cost guarantees (e.g., salvage deposits), pollution compensation, and coverage of crew medical expenses.

78. 问：如何应对货主提出的货损索赔？

答：提供货物积载照片、装卸记录、天气报告，申请第三方检验，通知保赔协会。

Q: How to handle cargo damage claims from shippers?

A: Provide cargo stowage photos, loading/unloading records, weather reports, apply for third-party inspection, and notify the P&I Club.

79. 问：船舶被扣留的法律程序？

答：核实扣船令有效性，通知船东及保险公司，通过保释金或担保解扣。

Q: What is the legal procedure for ship arrest?

A: Verify the validity of the arrest order, notify the shipowner and insurance company, and release the ship through bail or guarantee.

80. 问：租船合同中的“质询条款”是什么？

答：允许租家在装卸时间超出预期时要求船长提供装卸效率证明（如工班记录）。

Q: What is the "Query Clause" in a charter party?

A: It allows the charterer to request the captain to provide proof of loading/unloading efficiency (e.g., work shift records) when the loading/unloading time exceeds expectations.

十七、特殊货物运输（Transport of Special Cargoes）

81. 问：运输镍矿（A组货物）的关键风险？

答：高水分导致液化，需检测流动水分点和运输水分极限，航行中禁止通风并定期监测货温。

Q: What are the key risks in transporting nickel ore (Group A cargo)?

A: High moisture content causes liquefaction; need to test the flow moisture point and transportable moisture limit; prohibit ventilation during navigation and regularly monitor cargo temperature.

82. 问：水泥装运前的货舱准备要求？

答：彻底清洁货舱确保无残留物，舱壁涂抹防粘剂，检查舱盖水密性。

Q: What are the cargo hold preparation requirements before loading cement?

A: Thoroughly clean the hold to ensure no residues, apply anti-adhesive agent on bulkheads, and check the watertightness of hatch covers.

83. 问：如何防止煤炭自燃？

答：装货前测量温度，航行中定期测温，封闭货舱并监测一氧化碳浓度。

Q: How to prevent coal spontaneous combustion?

A: Measure temperature before loading, regularly monitor temperature during navigation, seal the cargo hold, and monitor carbon monoxide concentration.

84. 问：谷物运输的平舱标准？

答：按《国际谷物规则》平舱至货物表面与水平面夹角≤25°。

Q: What is the trimming standard for grain transport?

A: Trim according to the International Grain Code so that the angle between the cargo surface and the horizontal plane is ≤25°.

85. 问：鱼粉（国际海事组织9类）运输注意事项？

答：需证书证明抗氧剂含量，禁止与易燃物混装，定期监测温湿度。

Q: What are the precautions for transporting fish meal (IMO Class 9)?

A: A certificate proving antioxidant content is required; prohibited to be mixed with flammables; regularly monitor temperature and humidity.

十八、船员健康与心理（Crew Health and Psychology）

86. 问：如何识别船员心理危机（如抑郁）？

答：观察行为异常（失眠、社交回避），定期私下沟通，寻求公司心理支持。

Q: How to identify crew psychological crises (e.g., depression)?

A: Observe abnormal behaviors (insomnia, social avoidance), conduct regular private communication, and seek psychological support from the company.

87. 问：船舶远程医疗的使用流程？

答：通过卫星通讯联系指定医疗机构，上传症状、生命体征数据，执行医生指令。

Q: What is the procedure for using shipboard telemedicine?

A: Contact designated medical institutions via satellite communication, upload symptoms and vital sign data, and follow doctors' instructions.

88. 问：长期航行中如何维持船员士气？

答：组织文体活动，保障饮食多样性，定期安排家属通讯，公平分配休假。

Q: How to maintain crew morale during long voyages?

A: Organize cultural and sports activities, ensure dietary diversity, arrange regular family communication, and fairly distribute vacations.

89. 问：船员感染传染性疾病（如新冠）的隔离措施？

答：单独舱室隔离，配备专用卫浴，全员佩戴口罩，每日消毒公共区域。

Q: What are the isolation measures for crew infected with infectious diseases (e.g., COVID-19)?

A: Isolate in a separate cabin with dedicated bathroom, require all crew to wear masks, and disinfect public areas daily.

90. 问：如何应对船员自杀威胁？

答：立即干预，收缴危险物品，24小时监护，联系岸基心理专家及公司。

Q: How to respond to crew suicide threats?

A: Intervene immediately, confiscate dangerous items, provide 24-hour monitoring, and contact shore-based psychological experts and the company.

十九、极地与特殊航线（Polar and Special Routes）

91. 问：北极航行需额外准备哪些文件？

答：极地船舶证书、冰区航行计划、北极水域操作手册。

Q: What additional documents are required for Arctic navigation?

A: Polar ship certificate, ice navigation plan, Polar Water Operations Manual.

92. 问：冰区航行时舵机失灵如何应急？

答：使用侧推器（如配备）或调整主机转速配合锚链摩擦转向，申请破冰船支援。

Q: How to handle steering gear failure during ice navigation?

A: Use thrusters (if equipped) or adjust main engine speed with anchor chain friction for steering; request icebreaker support.

93. 问：热带海域航行如何防范海盗？

答：执行第五版最佳管理实践，加装刀网、高压水枪，设立24小时海盗瞭望。

Q: How to prevent piracy during navigation in tropical waters?

A: Implement BMP5 (Best Management Practices), install razor wire and high-pressure water guns, and set up 24-hour piracy watch.

94. 问：苏伊士运河过河前的准备工作？

答：检查船舶证书、运河灯、系泊设备，备足现金支付运河费，提交预审文件。

Q: What preparations are needed before transiting the Suez Canal?

A: Check ship certificates, canal lights, and mooring equipment; prepare sufficient cash for canal fees; submit pre-inspection documents.

95. 问：巴拿马运河的吃水限制？

答：最大允许吃水根据运河水位公告调整（通常≤12.04米淡水吃水）。

Q: What is the draft restriction of the Panama Canal?

A: The maximum allowed draft is adjusted according to canal water level announcements (usually ≤12.04m fresh water draft).

二十、新技术与未来趋势（New Technologies and Future Trends）

96. 问：如何使用大数据优化散货船航线？

答：分析历史气象、港口拥堵数据，结合人工智能算法推荐节油航速与中转港。

Q: How to use big data to optimize bulk carrier routes?

A: Analyze historical meteorological and port congestion data, and recommend fuel-efficient speeds and transit ports using AI algorithms.

97. 问：氨燃料船舶的安全隐患？

答：高毒性泄漏风险，需双壁管道设计，船员需专项培训（气体燃料船舶国际规则进阶）。

Q: What are the safety hazards of ammonia-fueled ships?

A: High toxicity leakage risk; requires double-walled pipeline design; crew need specialized training (advanced IGF Code).

98. 问：数字孪生技术在船舶维护中的应用？

答：实时模拟设备状态，预测故障（如主机轴承磨损），优化维修计划。

Q: What is the application of digital twin technology in ship maintenance?

A: Real-time simulation of equipment status, predict failures (e.g., main engine bearing wear), and optimize maintenance plans.

99. 问：国际海事组织2023年新规对散货船的影响？

答：碳强度指标评级强制实施，需安装能耗监测系统（船舶能效管理计划第三部分）。

Q: What is the impact of IMO 2023 new regulations on bulk carriers?

A: Mandatory implementation of CII rating; need to install energy consumption monitoring systems (SEEMP Part III).

100. 问：船长如何推动船舶“零碳转型”？

答：参与生物燃料试验，优化航速与航线减少排放，倡导岸电使用。

Q: How can captains promote the "zero-carbon transformation" of ships?

A: Participate in biofuel tests, optimize speed and routes to reduce emissions, and advocate the use of shore power (Cold Ironing).